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Gametofit

Nekoliko gametofita u terariju
Gametofit bora (spolja) oko embriona (unutra)

Gametofit (grčki gamete, gametes = supruga, suprug i phyton = biljka) je kod biljaka spolna generacija koja stvara gamete, ili spolne rasplodne stanice. To je, dakle, haploidna faza smjene generacija.[1][2]

Vrste biljaka kod kojih postoji smjena generacija postoje najmanje dva - u pravilu izgledom sasvim različita - pojavna oblika nazvana u spolnoj fazi gametofit, a u nespolnoj sporofit. Gametofiti stvaraju gamete (spolne stanice), a sporofiti spore, dakle stanice koje služe bespolnom razmnožavanju.

Gametofit je uvijek višestaničan. Raste iz spore jednog sporofita i zato je uvijek haploidan, što znači da svaka njegova stanica ima samo jednu polovinu kromosomskih parova. Gametofit razvija spolne organe, a u njima gamete. Nakon spajanja dvaju spolnih stanica nastaje jedan diploidni zigot, početak druge generacije (diploidna, sporofitna generacija). Drugim riječima, nakon spajanja dvaju spolnih stanica, zigot odrasta u sporofita, koji iza toga stvara spore iz kojih ponovo niču gametofiti, čime se zatvara krug tih dvaju generacija.[3]

Izvori

[uredi | uredi kôd]
  1. Simpson, Michael G. 2011. Plant Systematics (bošnjački). Academic Press. ISBN 0-08-051404-9. Pristupljeno 26. rujna 2019.
  2. Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. 1985. The families of the monocotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5. Pristupljeno 26. rujna 2019.
  3. Pteridophytes, pristupljeno 25. kolovoza 2023.
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