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Borrelia recurrentis

Borrelia recurrentis
Clasificación científica
Dominio: Bacteria
Filo: Spirochaetes
Orde: Spirochaetales
Familia: Spirochaetaceae
Xénero: Borrelia
Especie: 'B. recurrentis'
Nome binomial
'Borrelia recurrentis'

Borrelia recurrentis é unha especie de bacteria do grupo das espiroquetas, que causa a febre recorrente epidémica.[1][2] B. recurrentis transmítese xeralmente de persoa a persoa a través dun vector, que é o piollo humano corporal (Pediculus humanus humanus),[3] o cal foi descuberto por Otto Meier no século XIX.[4]

Un estudo de 2011 encontrou ADN de B. recurrentis no 23% dos piollos da cabeza (Pediculus humanus capitis) de pacientes de febre recorrente transmitida por piollos en Etiopía. Quedou por determinar se o piollo da cabeza pode transmitir a enfermidade de persoa a persoa (ademais do piollo corporal).[4]

A especie é notable pola súa capacidade de alterar as proteínas que expresa na súa superficie, o cal causa a recorrencia característica da enfermidade que produce.[5]

Como ocorre con moitas outras especies de Borrelia, o cultivo de B. recurrentis é difícil e pouco fiable como proba. O patóxeno pode cultivarse in vitro en medios de cultivo especiais (BSK-II), pero en certas circunstancias require unha incubación de ata 4 semanas. Outra dificultade é o illamento do patóxeno dos fluídos corporais (sangue), que só ten éxito en aproximadamente o 10-20% dos casos.

A detección destes patóxenos realízase facendo unha identificación molecular utilizando a reacción en cadea da polimerase (PCR) ou microscópica no sangue do paciente. A preparación faise con tinguidura Giemsa ou tinguidura de Wright. As bacterias vivas poden detectarse mediante microscopía de campo escuro ou de contraste de fase.

  1. Cutler SJ, Moss J, Fukunaga M, Wright DJ, Fekade D, Warrell D (1997). "Borrelia recurrentis characterization and comparison with relapsing-fever, Lyme-associated, and other Borrelia spp". International journal of systematic bacteriology 47 (4): 958–68. PMID 9336893. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-4-958. 
  2. Meri T, Cutler SJ, Blom AM, Meri S, Jokiranta TS (2006). "Relapsing fever spirochetes Borrelia recurrentis and B. duttonii acquire complement regulators C4b-binding protein and factor H". Infection and immunity 74 (7): 4157–63. PMC 1489703. PMID 16790790. doi:10.1128/IAI.00007-06. 
  3. Madigan, Michael T.; Martinko, John M. (2006). Brock biology of microorganisms. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 410. ISBN 0-13-144329-1. 
  4. 4,0 4,1 Boutellis A, Mediannikov O, Bilcha KD, Ali J, Campelo D, Barker SC, et al. Borrelia recurrentis in head lice, Ethiopia. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2013 May [May 13, 2013]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1905.121480 DOI: 10.3201/eid1905.121480.
  5. Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Strohl, William A.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated reviews, microbiology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 166. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5. 
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Borrelia recurrentis
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