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Traités Torrijos-Carter

Jimmy Carter et Omar Torrijos se serrant la main après la signature des traités

Les traités Torrijos-Carter (ou traité Torrijos-Carter au singulier) sont deux accords signés au siège de l'Organisation des États Américains (OEA), à Washington, le , par les États-Unis et le Panama. Ils abrogent le traité Hay-Bunau-Varilla conclu en 1903, au sujet du contrôle de la zone américaine sur le canal de Panama après 1999. Ils portent le nom des deux signataires Jimmy Carter et le général Omar Torrijos, et prévoient le transfert de l'administration et du fonctionnement du canal aux autorités panaméennes le .

Approuvés au Panama le par référendum, et ratifiés par le Sénat des États-Unis en 1978, ils sont entrés en vigueur le .

Notes et références

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Articles connexes

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Liens externes

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Bibliographie

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  • (en) J. Michael Hogan; The Panama Canal in American Politics: Domestic Advocacy and the Evolution of Policy Southern Illinois University Press, 1986
  • (en) Thomas Hollihan, « The Public Controversy Over the Panama Canal Treaties: An Analysis of American Foreign Policy Rhetoric », Western Journal of Speech Communication, Fall 1986, p. 371+
  • (en) Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. (ISBN 1563281554). OCLC 42970390.
  • (en) Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971). The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Danville, Ill.: Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
  • (en) George D. Moffett III, The Limits of Victory: The Ratification of the Panama Canal Treaties Cornell University Press, 1985.
  • (en) M. Noriega and P. Eisner. America's Prisoner — The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, Random House, 1997.
  • (en) David Skidmore, « Foreign Policy Interest Groups and Presidential Power: Jimmy Carter and the Battle over Ratification of the Panama Canal Treaties », in Herbert D. Rosenbaum and Alexej Ugrinsky, eds. Jimmy Carter: Foreign Policy and Post-Presidential Years Greenwood Press. 1994. p. 297-328
  • (en) Craig Allen Smith, « Leadership, Orientation and Rhetorical Vision: Jimmy Carter, the 'New Right,' and the Panama Canal », Presidential Studies Quarterly, printemps 1986, p. 323+
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Traités Torrijos-Carter
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