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Kinaasi.
Kinaasi on entsyymi, joka siirtää fosfaattiryhmiä korkeaenergisiltä luovuttajamolekyyleiltä (kuten ATP:ltä) tietyille kohdemolekyyleille (substraateille). Tätä fosfaattiryhmien siirtoa kutsutaan fosforylaatioksi. Fosfaattiryhmien poiston eli defosforylaation tekevät puolestaan fosfataasientsyymit.
Fosforylaation tarkoituksena on useimmiten kohdemolekyylien aktivointi, vaikka harvoin fosforylaatio myös estää kohdeproteiinin toiminnan. Keskeinen kinaasityyppi ovat proteiinikinaasit, jotka aktivoivat tiettyjä kohdeproteiineja solujen sisäisissä ja välisissä signaalinvälitysketjuissa. Useat näiden ketjujen toimintaa estävät lääkkeet inhiboivat juuri aktivoivia proteiinikinaaseja.
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