Zygiella
| Zygiella | |
|---|---|
| |
| Zygiella atrica | |
| |
| Zygiella x-notata, female | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902[1] |
| Type species | |
| Z. atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845)
| |
| Species | |
|
11, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Zygiella is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1902.[2] In 2015, Parazygiella was determined to be a taxonomic synonym of Zygiella, and its species were moved to Zygiella.[3]
Identification
[edit]Zygiella species are distinguished by the structure of the web, which has a missing sector containing a signaling thread leading to a retreat.[4] Zygiella x-notata, a species in the Zygiella genus, is well-researched for its missing-sector web construction behaviors.[5]
-
Web of Zygiella x-notata
Species
[edit]As of April 2019[update] it contains eleven species:[1]
- Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845) (type) – Europe. Introduced to USA, Canada
- Zygiella calyptrata (Workman & Workman, 1894) – China, Myanmar, Malaysia
- Zygiella carpenteri Archer, 1951 – USA
- Zygiella dispar (Kulczyński, 1885) – North America, Russia (Far East), Japan
- Zygiella hiramatsui Tanikawa, 2017 – Japan
- Zygiella keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1871) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Turkey
- Zygiella kirgisica Bakhvalov, 1974 – Kyrgyzstan
- Zygiella minima Schmidt, 1968 – Canary Is., Madeira
- Zygiella montana (C. L. Koch, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Uzbekistan
- Zygiella nearctica Gertsch, 1964 – Canada, USA
- Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran? Introduced to North America, Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, China, Japan, Réunion
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zygiella.
- ^ a b c "Gen. Zygiella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
- ^ Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. (1902). "A revision of the genera of Araneae or spiders with reference to their type species". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9 (7): 5–20. doi:10.1080/00222930208678530.
- ^ Gregorič, Matjaž; Agnarsson, Ingi; Blackledge, Todd A.; Kuntner, Matjaž (2015). "Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1111/zoj.12281.
- ^ Roberts, Michael J. (1995). "Genus Zygiella". Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. London: HarperCollins. pp. 333ff. ISBN 978-0-00-219981-0.
- ^ Venner, Samuel; Pasquet, Alain; Leborgne, Raymond (2000). "Web-building behaviour in the orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata: influence of experience". Animal Behaviour. 59 (3): 603–611. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1327. ISSN 0003-3472. PMID 10715183. S2CID 41339367.
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