User:Typhoon2013/TC Sandbox1
Intensity
[edit]Strongest typhoons
[edit]Some typhoons that reach its maximum intensity below 900mbar occur in major or minor El Niño seasons, for example Typhoon Vanessa in 1984. Typically, typhoons reach their peak strength between August to October. Storms below are listed by the strength, depending on the pressure and winds. Typhoon Tip reached its peak strength in mid-October 1979, with a pressure down to 870millibars, making it the strongest and largest tropical cyclone ever recorded.
Rank | Storm | Date of peak | Season | Maximum sustained winds | Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tip (Warling) | October 12 | 1979 | 305 km/h (190 mph) | 870 mbar |
2 | June (Rosing) | November 19 | 1975 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 875 mbar |
3 | Ida | September 24 | 1958 | 325 km/h (200 mph) | 877 mbar |
4 | Nora (Luming) | October 5 | 1973 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 877 mbar |
5 | Typhoon Kit (Emang) | June 25-26 | 1966 | 315 km/h (195 mph) | 880 mbar |
6 | Typhoon Vanessa (Reming) | October 27 | 1984 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 880 mbar |
7 | Nancy | September 12-13 | 1961 | 345 km/h (215 mph) | 882 mbar |
8 | Joan | August 29 | 1959 | 315 km/h (195 mph) | 885 mbar |
9 | Nina | August 11-12 | 1953 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 885 mbar |
10 | Megi (Juan) | October 17 | 2010 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 885 mbar |
Location
[edit]Formation near the euator
[edit]This is a list of all tropical cyclones that are closest to the equator. It is recorded that only 3 storms developed between the equator and 2°N.[1][2][3] Only 5 storms that are closest to the equator are listed below.
Storm | Year | Minimum Latitude |
---|---|---|
Tropical Storm Vamei | 2001 | 1.4°N |
Typhoon Sarah | 1956 | 1.7°N |
Tropical Storm Peipah | 2014 | 1.8°N |
Typhoon Bopha | 2012 | 2.2°N |
Typhoon Hagupit (2014) | 2014 | 2.6°N |
Philippines
[edit]Earliest named storms by PAGASA (2001- Current)
[edit]The Philippines has an agency called PAGASA (known as Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomy Services Administraion) name storms which enters or forms within their area of responsibility starting in 1963. However they changed their naming system to both male and female names in 2001, instead of just female names.
Storm number | Earliest | Next earliest | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Date of formation | Name | Date of formation | |||
A | TIE | Auring - January 3, 2009 | Agaton | January 10, 2002 | ||
Auring - January 3, 2013 | ||||||
B | Bising | January 9, 2013 | Basyang | January 29, 2014 | ||
C | Crising | February 18, 2013 | Caloy | March 16, 2002 | ||
D | Domeng | April 6, 2014 | Dante | May 1, 2009 | ||
E | Emong | May 6, 2009 | Enteng | May 18, 2004 | ||
F | Frank | June 4, 2004 | Fabian | June 19, 2004 | ||
G | Gener | June 7, 2004 | Gorio | June 27, 2013 | ||
H | Helen | June 18, 2004 | Huaning | July 9, 2009 | ||
I | Igme | June 26, 2004 | Isang | July 14, 2009 | ||
J | Julian | July 13, 2004 | TIE | Jolina | July 30, 2009 | |
Jolina | July 30, 2013 | |||||
K | Kabayan | August 4, 2003 | Kiko | August 5, 2013 | ||
L | Labuyo | August 8, 2013 | Lakay | August 18, 2003 | ||
M | Maring | August 16, 2013 | Manang | August 18, 2003 | ||
N | Niña | August 19, 2003 | Nando | August 25, 2013 | ||
O | Onyok | August 29, 2003 | Odette | September 16, 2013 | ||
P | Pogi | September 7, 2003 | Paolo | September 26, 2013 | ||
Q | Quiel | September 15, 2003 | Quedan | September 29, 2013 | ||
R | Roskas | September 18, 2003 | Ramil | October 5, 2013 | ||
S | Sikat | September 25, 2003 | Santi | October 9, 2013 | ||
T | Tino | October 14, 2013 | Tisoy | October 17, 2013 | ||
U | TIE | Urduja - October 22, 2013 | Unding | November 14, 2004 | ||
Ursula - October 22, 2003 | ||||||
V | Vinta | October 28, 2013 | Viring | October 30, 2003 | ||
W | Wilma | November 1, 2013 | Weng | November 12, 2003 | ||
Y | Yolanda | November 6, 2013 | Yoyoy | November 27, 2003 | ||
Z | Zoraida | November 10, 2013 | Zosimo | December 16, 2004 | ||
Based on data from: U.S. NOAA Coastal Service Center - Historical Hurricane Tracks Tool |
Philippines' deadliest typhoons
[edit]Rank[4] | Storm | Dates of impact | Year | Deaths |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | September 1881 typhoon | September 27 | 1881 | 20,000 |
2 | Haiyan (Yolanda) | November 7-8 | 2013 | 6,241[6] |
4 | Bopha (Pablo) | December 2-3 | 2012 | 1,901 |
5 | Angela Typhoon | September 22 | 1867 | 1,800[7] |
6 | Winnie | November 27-30 | 2004 | 1,593 |
7 | October 1897 Typhoon | October 7 | 1897 | 1,500[7] |
8 | Ike (Nitang) | September 3-6 | 1984 | 1,492 |
9 | Fengshen (Frank) | June 20-23 | 2008 | 1,410 |
10 | Durian (Reming) | November 29- December 1 |
2006 | 1,399 |
Seasonal records
[edit]- The 1997 Pacific typhoon season holds the record for the most super typhoons recorded in a Pacific typhoon season, with 11 known super typhoons.
- The 1998 Pacific typhoon season holds the record of the latest start to any Pacific typhoon season on record.
- The 2014 Pacific typhoon season makes the record for no tropical cyclones developing during August, which is the peak of a Pacific typhoon season.
Storm records
[edit]- 1979
- Typhoon Tip makes the record for the most intense tropical cyclone ever globally.
- 2001
- Tropical Storm Vamei devw
- 2002
- Typhoon Mitag becomes the earliest intense typhoon ever within the Western Pacific basin as a Category 5 super typhoon.
- 2010
- Typhoon Megi reaches a minimum pressure of 885 millibars, which makes it the first intense typhoon to reach a pressure below 900 millibars in the 21st century.
- 2013
- Typhoon Haiyan makes the record for making landfall at a very strong intensity with a minimum pressure of 895 millibars and 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (190 mph).
- 2015
- Typhoon Higos becomes the strongest storm in the month of February as a Category 4 typhoon.
- Typhoon Maysak also becomes the strongest typhoon before the month of April, beating Typhoon Mitag of a pressure down to 905 millibars.
- Typhoon Noul becomes one of the Top 5 strongest typhoons in the month of May.
Wettest tropical cyclones
[edit]China
[edit]China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1,062 millimetres (41.8 in) fell in Henan Province during a 24‑hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73 year old record.[8] Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) of liquid equivalent precipitation to Che-Ku county in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[9]
Mainland
[edit]Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1629.0 | 64.13 | Nina 1975 | Banqiao Dam | [10] |
2 | 951.0 | 37.4 | In-fa 2021 | Yuyao | [11] |
3 | 831.1 | 32.72 | Fitow 2001 | Changjiang County | [12] |
4 | 806.0 | 31.73 | Soudelor 2015 | Wenzhou | [13] |
5 | 744.8 | 29.32 | Doksuri 2023 | Wangjiayuan Reservoir | [14][15] |
6 | 662.0 | 26.01 | Chanthu 2021 | Dinghai District, Zhoushan | [16] |
7 | 600.0 | 24.00 | Haikui 2012 | Anhui Province | [17] |
8 | 555.0 | 21.85 | Chanchu 2006 | Zhangpu County | [18] |
Japan
[edit]The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Wipha in 2013 produced a 24‑hour total of 824 millimetres (32.4 in) on October 15/16 on Izu Oshima.[19][20] Typhoon Meari/Quinta of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season led to heavy rain at Owase with a total of 741 millimetres (29.2 in) ending at 1500 UTC on the 29th.[21] Typhoon Saomai in 2000 produced record rainfall at Nagoya, 584.2 millimetres (23.00 in) in 24 hours.[22] Fran of the 1976 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record of 1,174 millimetres (46.2 in).[23]
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2781.0 | 109.50 | Fran 1976 | Hiso | [24] |
2 | >2000.0 | >78.74 | Namtheun 2004 | Kisawa | [25] |
3 | 1805.5 | 71.08 | Talas 2011 | Kamikitayama | [26] |
4 | 1518.9 | 59.80 | Olive 1971 | Ebino | [27] |
5 | 1322.0 | 52.04 | Nabi 2005 | Mikado | [28] |
6 | 1286.0 | 50.62 | Kent 1992 | Hidegadake | [29] |
7 | 1167.0 | 45.94 | Judy 1989 | Hidegadake | [30] |
8 | 1138.0 | 44.80 | Abby 1983 | Amagisan | [31] |
9 | 1124.0 | 44.25 | Flo 1990 | Yanase | [32] |
10 | ~1092.0 | ~43.00 | Trix 1971 | Yangitake | [33] |
Okinawa
[edit]Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1065.0 | 41.92 | Sinlaku 2008 | Yonagunijima | [34] |
2 | 1059.0 | 41.70 | Emma 1956 | Kadena Air Force Base | [35] |
3 | 1014.0 | 41.00 | Muifa 2011 | [36] | |
4 | 575.6 | 22.66 | Charlotte 1959 | Naha Air Force Base | [37] |
5 | 535.0 | 21.06 | Bolaven 2012 | Kunigami | [38] |
6 | 473.7 | 18.65 | Cora 1969 | Kadena Air Force Base | [37] |
7 | 452.0 | 17.80 | Sinlaku 2002 | Oku | [39] |
8 | 407.2 | 16.03 | Grace 1961 | Kadena Air Force Base | [37] |
9 | 345.0 | 13.50 | Conson 2004 | Tarama | [40] |
10 | 342.0 | 13.46 | Kujira 2003 | [41] |
Ryukyu Islands
[edit]Typhoon Rusa caused 409 millimetres (16.1 in) of rain to fall at Naze on August 29–30, 2002.[42] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5 millimetres (12.38 in) of rain in the 65 hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25, 2004 at Ishigakihima.[43] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2 millimetres (23.08 in) of rainfall on Marcus Island.[37] In 1972, Typhoon Rita dumped 31.87 in (809 mm) on Okinoerabu Shima.[44]
Philippines
[edit]This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 2210.0 | 87.01 | July 1911 cyclone | Baguio | [45] |
2 | 1854.3 | 73.00 | Pepeng (Parma) (2009) | Baguio | [46] |
3 | 1216.0 | 47.86 | Trining (Carla) (1967) | Baguio | [45] |
4 | 1116.0 | 43.94 | Iliang (Zeb) (1998) | La Trinidad, Benguet | [47] |
5 | 1085.8 | 42.74 | Feria (Utor) (2001) | Baguio | [48] |
6 | 1077.8 | 42.43 | Lando (Koppu) (2015) | Baguio | [46] |
7 | 1012.7 | 39.87 | Igme (Mindulle) (2004) | [49] | |
8 | 902.0 | 35.51 | Dante (Kujira) (2009) | [50] | |
9 | 879.9 | 34.64 | September 1929 typhoon | Virac, Catanduanes | [51] |
10 | 869.6 | 34.24 | Openg (Dinah) (1977) | Western Luzon | [52] |
Vietnam
[edit]Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 1,773 | 69.80 | Pepiah 2007 | Nam Dong | [53] |
2 | 1,369 | 53.90 | Tropical Depression 06W 2007 | Huong Khe | [53] |
3 | 1,239 | 48.78 | September 2009 Vietnam tropical depression | Da Nang | [54] |
4 | 914 | 35.98 | Ketsana 2009 | Quang Nam | [54] |
5 | 788 | 31.02 | Lekima 2007 | [53] | |
6 | 699 | 27.52 | Ira 1990 | [55] | |
7 | 666 | 26.22 | Mirinae 2009 | Vân Canh | [54] |
8 | 550 | 21.65 | Xangsane 2006 | [56] | |
9 | 497 | 19.57 | Tropical Depression 2009 | Quang Ngai Province | [57] |
10 | 470 | 18.50 | Eve 1999 | Ky Anh District | [58] |
Effects
[edit]Costliest Pacific typhoons
[edit]Rank | Typhoon | Season | Damage (2023 USD) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Doksuri | 2023 | $28.4 billion |
2 | Mireille | 1991 | $22.4 billion |
3 | Hagibis | 2019 | $20.6 billion |
4 | Jebi | 2018 | $17 billion |
5 | Songda | 2004 | $15 billion |
6 | Yagi | 2024 | $14 billion |
7 | Fitow | 2013 | $13.6 billion |
8 | Faxai | 2019 | $11.9 billion |
9 | Saomai | 2000 | $11.1 billion |
10 | Lekima | 2019 | $11.1 billion |
Source: [1] |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/search_name2.pl?gid=90f74b2be4f54f42be0b54e45dd105e8&lang=en&basin=wnp
- ^ http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1992.php#Ekeka
- ^ http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc12/WPAC/26W.BOPHA/trackfile.txt
- ^ Ten Worst Typhoons of the Philippines (A Summary)
- ^ Leoncio A. Amadore, PhD Socio-Economic Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events in the Philippines. Retrieved on 2007-02-25.
- ^ "TyphoonHaiyan - RW Updates". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. December 28, 2013. Philippines: Hundreds of corpses unburied after Philippine typhoon. Retrieved December 30, 2013.}
- ^ a b Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical deadly typhoons in the Philippines". Weather. 63 (7). Royal Meteorological Society: 196. doi:10.1002/wea.275.
- ^ Hong Kong Observatory. Weather Cases: Typhoon Sam Retrieved on June 23, 2007.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Burt, Christopher C. (May 30, 2018). "The Deadliest Weather-Related Catastrophe You Probably Never Heard Of". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
- ^ Meili, Cao (2021-07-26). 余姚暴雨累计雨量达951毫米 相当于余姚近三天下了约37个西湖的水量. Sina News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
- ^ Padgett, Gary (2006-12-27). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2001". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
- ^ 重要天气新闻通稿: 今年第13号 台风"苏迪罗"深入内陆影响结束. National Meteorological Center (in Chinese). August 11, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-08-12. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
- ^ "Beijing records heaviest rainfall in at least 140 years, causing severe flooding and 21 deaths". ABC News. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
- ^ Zhang, Shuai (2023-08-02). "China sees record flooding in Beijing, with 20 deaths and mass destruction blamed on Typhoon Doksuri". cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
- ^ Mary Gilbert. "Chanthu to produce days of tropical rainfall, raise flood risk in South Korea and Japan". Accuweather. Archived from the original on 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ "China: Floods — Information Bulletin no 2". International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. August 10, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2012 – via ReliefWeb.
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- ^ JMA. Oshima observations October 15th 2013 Retrieved on October 17, 2013.
- ^ JMA. Oshima observations October 16th 2013 Retrieved on October 17, 2013.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tropical Storm Risk. Summary of the 2000 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Author's Seasonal Forecasts. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
- ^ Kitamoto Asanobu. Digital Typhoon: Link Collection. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
- ^ Ikuo Tasaka (1981). "The Difference of Rainfall Distribution in Relation to Time-Scale: A Case Study on Heavy Rainfall of September 8–13, 1976, in the Shikoku Island Caused by Typhoon 7617 Fran" (PDF). Geographical Review of Japan (in Japanese). 54 (10): 570–578. doi:10.4157/grj.54.570. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- ^ Gonghui Wang; Akira Suemine; Gen Furuya; Masahiro Kaibori & Kyoji Sassa (2006). Rainstorm-induced landslides in Kisawa village, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan (PDF) (Report). International Association for Engineering Geology. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- ^ "Typhoon Talas". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2011. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
- ^ "Typhoons of the Western North Pacific, 1971". Climatological Data: National Summary. 22 (1). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 771. January 1971. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
- ^ "台風200514号 (Nabi) - 災害情報" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ "台風199211号 (Kent) - 災害情報" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ "アメダス日出岳(64211)@台風198911号" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ "台風198305号 (Abby) - 災害情報" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ "台風199019号 (Flo) - 災害情報" (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
- ^ "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Trix" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1972. pp. 183–192. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
- ^ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 200813 (SINLAKU) - Disaster Information". agora.ex.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ J. L. H. Paulhaus (1973). World Meteorological Organization Operational Hydrology Report No. 1: Manual For Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation. World Meteorological Organization. p. 178.
- ^ Dave Ornauer (August 6, 2011). "USFJ-AFL division title games postponed (Updated)". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ (in Japanese) "【台風15号】国頭で総雨量535ミリ 大宜味床下浸水24件". 琉球新報. Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-08-29. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
- ^ Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2002". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
- ^ (in Japanese) "Rainfall from Typhoon Conson". National Institute of Informatics. 2004. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Gary Padgett (June 12, 2003). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for April 2003". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
- ^ Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2002". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
- ^ Padgett, Gary; Wallace, John; Chunliang, Huang; Clarke, Simon (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2004". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
((cite web))
:|first2=
missing|last2=
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ignored (|last2=
suggested) (help) - ^ "1972 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. p. 31. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
- ^ a b J. L. H. Paulhaus (1973). World Meteorological Organization Operational Hydrology Report No. 1: Manual For Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation. World Meteorological Organization. p. 178.
- ^ a b Nick Wiltgen (October 21, 2015). "Former Super Typhoon Koppu (Lando) Weakens to Remnant Low over Northern Philippines". The Weather Channel. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
- ^ Guillermo Q. Tabios III; David S. Rojas Jr. Rainfall Duration-Frequency Curve for Ungaged Sites in the High Rainfall, Benguet Mountain Region in the Philippines (PDF) (Report). Kyoto University. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Leoncio A. Amadore, Ph.D. Socio-Economic Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events in the Philippines. Retrieved on February 25, 2007.
- ^ Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (October 26, 2006). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary June 2004". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
- ^ Steve Lang (May 7, 2009). "Hurricane Season 2009: Kujira (Western Pacific Ocean)". NASA. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ Coronas, José (September 1929). "Typhoons and Depressions – a Destructive Typhoon Over Southern and Central Luzon on September 2 and 3, 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (9). American Meteorological Society: 398–399. Bibcode:1929MWRv...57..398C. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<398b:TADDTO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 Feb 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
- ^ Narciso O. Itoralba (December 1981). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report 1977. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. p. 65.
- ^ a b c "Typhoon Committee Country report 2007: Vietnam" (PDF). Vietnam Hydro meteorological Service. World Meteorological Organization. November 19, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Typhoon Committee Country report 2009: Vietnam" (PDF). Vietnam Hydro meteorological Service. World Meteorological Organization. January 25, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
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- ^ Tuoi Tre (October 19, 2009). "Tropical low triggers heavy rains, floods in central Vietnam". Thanh Nien Daily. Retrieved November 3, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "The Role in Local Institutions in Reducing Vulnerability to Recurrent Natural Disasters and in Sustainable Livelihoods Development". Food and Agriculture Organization. March 14, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
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