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Timeline
Prehistory Paleolithic Java Man 1,000,000 BP Flores Man 94,000–12,000 BP Neolithic Toba catastrophe 75,000 BP Buni culture 400 BCE
Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms Kutai Kingdom 350–1605 Tarumanagara Kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli 400s-500s Kalingga Kingdom 500s–600s Melayu Kingdom 600s–1347 Srivijaya Empire 600s–1025 Shailendra Dynasty 600s–900s Mataram Kingdom 716–1016 Bali Kingdom 914–1908 Sunda Kingdom 932–1579 Kahuripan Kingdom 1019–1045 Kediri Kingdom 1045–1221 Dharmasraya Kingdom 1183–1347 Pannai Kingdom 1000s–1300s Singhasari Empire 1222–1292 Majapahit Empire 1293–1527
Islamic sultanates Spread of Islam 800–1600 Peureulak Sultanate 840–1292 Aru Kingdom 1225–1613 Ternate Sultanate 1257–1914 Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1267–1521 Pagaruyung Kingdom 1347–1833 Brunei Sultanate 1368–1888 Malacca Sultanate 1400–1511 Sulu Sultanate 1405–1851 Cirebon Sultanate 1445–1677 Demak Sultanate 1475–1554 Aceh Sultanate 1496–1903 Sultanate of Ternate 1486–1914 Sultanate of Bacan 1515–1946 Sultanate of Tidore 1500s–1967 Sultanate of Jailolo 1496–1903 Banten Sultanate 1526–present Banjar Sultanate 1526–1863 Kalinyamat Sultanate 1527–1599 Mataram Sultanate 1586–1755 Johor Sultanate 1528s–1877 Kingdom of Kaimana 1600s–1926 Palembang Sultanate 1659–1823 Siak Sultanate 1725–1946 Surakarta Sunanate 1745–present Yogyakarta Sultanate 1755–present Deli Sultanate 1814–1946 Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1824–1911
Christian kingdoms Larantuka Kingdom 1515–1904 Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow 1670–1950
Chinese Kongsi federations Heshun Confederation 1776–1854 Lanfang Republic 1777–1884 Santiaogou Republic 1777–1853
European colonization Portuguese 1512–1850 Spanish 1521–1677 Dutch East India Company 1602–1799 British 1685–1824 French and British interregnum 1806–1816 Dutch East Indies 1800–1942 1945–1949
Emergence of Indonesia National Awakening 1908–1942 Japanese occupation 1942–1945 National Revolution 1945–1949 United States of Indonesia 1949–1950
Republic of Indonesia Liberal democracy 1950–1959 Guided Democracy 1959–1966 Transition 1966–1967 New Order 1967–1998 Reform era 1998–present
Regions Jakarta Bali Bogor Bandung
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The Post-Suharto era in Indonesia, also known the Reform era (Indonesian: Era Reformasi), is the contemporary historical period in Indonesia. The period has been characterized by a more open and liberal political-social environment. In contrast to the pervasive censorship under the New Order, the period has also resulted in a higher degree of freedom of speech in the country. Issues over this period have included a push for a stronger democracy and civilian rule, elements of the military trying to retain their influence, a growing push for Islamism in politics and society, and demands for greater regional autonomy.

The period began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998, and the installing of Vice President B. J. Habibie as president. As president, Habibie undertook numerous political reforms, presided over the first free legislative election since 1955, as well as a referendum on the future of East Timor. In 1999, an indirect presidential election was held, which saw the election of Abdurrahman Wahid as president. Wahid's presidency lasted until 2001, when he was impeached over his decision to dissolve the national legislature, with Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri taking over as president. Under Megawati, the process of democratic reform which began under Habibie and Wahid continued, though terrorism increasingly became a problem.

In 2004, a direct presidential election was held, which saw the election of former general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as president. Yudhoyono's tenure saw the end of the armed separatist conflict in Aceh, as well as several natural disasters, including an earthquake and tsunami in 2004. Yudhoyono was re-elected in 2009, with more than 60% of the vote. Yudhoyono was constitutionally barred from running for a third term, and he was succeeded by Joko Widodo, the first president without a high-ranking military or political background. His tenure....