User:Sokka-the-meat-and-sarcasm-guy/sandbox
Answers to Module 7 Questions
[edit]- The media is an image taken by NASA of the Lake Eyre Basin
- The image is not my own work
- It is a JPG file
- It is under a CC BY 2.0 license
- It was a duplicate copy so I couldn't add it myself, but I would have added it to the categories "Australia, Lake Eyre Basin, Australian outback, South Australia".
- The file is a satellite image depicting the Lake Eyre Basin and surrounding catchment under high flow conditions (following floods), with labelling to identify Lake Eyre and Cooper Creek (two important regions for my topic).
Practicing Citations
[edit]Source 1: The aim of the study was to document the roles of flooding, channel flows, and drought refugia in relation to fish persistence, movement, life history strategies, diet, and production in the Cooper Creek catchment.[1]
Source 2: The aim of this source is to provide detailed information regarding N. cooperensis phenotype, as well as some brief information regarding its distribution, diet, and reproductive biology.[2]
Source 3: The main aim of this book was to provide general information on a wide variety of fish and their interactions with their environments.[3]
Source 4: The aim of this study was to investigate the breeding behaviours of fish species native to far-west Queensland over multiple seasons, and determine the influence of hydrological conditions on fish breeding.[4]
Source 5: The aim of this study was to detail the potential impact of Oxyeleotris lineolata (sleepy cod)[5] on native species of fish in the Lake Eyre Basin, with particular attention on fish species’ distribution, diet, lifespan, reproduction and behaviour.[5]
Another Source: [6]
- ^ Arthington, Angela H.; Balcombe, Stephen R. (2011-09). "Extreme flow variability and the 'boom and bust' ecology of fish in arid-zone floodplain rivers: a case history with implications for environmental flows, conservation and management". Ecohydrology. 4 (5): 708–720. doi:10.1002/eco.221.
((cite journal)): Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Neosiluroides cooperensis". fishesofaustralia.net.au. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ Humphries, Paul; Walker, Keith (2013-04-10). Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. Csiro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-09744-5.
- ^ Kerezsy, Adam; Balcombe, Stephen R.; Arthington, Angela H.; Bunn, Stuart E. (2011-08-12). "Continuous recruitment underpins fish persistence in the arid rivers of far-western Queensland, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research. 62 (10): 1178–1190. doi:10.1071/MF11021. ISSN 1448-6059.
- ^ a b Sternberg, David; Cockayne, Bernie (2018-05-29). "The ongoing invasion of translocated sleepy cod (Oxyeleotris lineolata) in the Lake Eyre Basin, central Australia". Wildlife Research. 45 (2): 164–175. doi:10.1071/WR17140. ISSN 1448-5494.
- ^ IUCN (2019-02-11). "Neosiluroides cooperensis: Arthington, A., Sternberg, D., Cockayne, B. & Schmarr, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T122900149A123382031". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t122900149a123382031.en.
((cite journal)): Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
ADHD Practice Lead
[edit]Despite the scientifically well-established nature of ADHD, its diagnosis, and its treatment,[1] controversy has surrounded the disorder since the 1970s.[2][3][4] Areas of controversy include diagnostic rates and methodology[5].
The controversies involve clinicians, teachers, policymakers, parents, and the media. Positions range from the view that ADHD is within the normal range of behavior[6][7] to the hypothesis that ADHD is a genetic condition.[8] Other areas of controversy include the use of stimulant medications in children,[3][5] the method of diagnosis, and the possibility of overdiagnosis.[5] In 2009, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, while acknowledging the controversy, states that the current treatments and methods of diagnosis are based on the dominant view of the academic literature.[9] In 2014, Keith Conners, one of the early advocates for recognition of the disorder, spoke out against overdiagnosis in a The New York Times article.[10] In contrast, a 2014 peer-reviewed medical literature review indicated that ADHD is underdiagnosed in adults.[11]
With differing rates of diagnosis across countries, states within countries, races, and ethnicities, some suspect factors other than the presence of the symptoms of ADHD are playing a role in diagnosis,[12] although the prevalence of ADHD is consistent internationally.[1] Some sociologists consider ADHD to be an example of the medicalization of deviant behavior, that is, the turning of the previously non-medical issue of school performance into a medical one.[2][13] Most healthcare providers accept ADHD as a genuine disorder, at least in the small number of people with severe symptoms.[13] Among healthcare providers the debate mainly centers on diagnosis and treatment in the much greater number of people with mild symptoms.[13][14][15]
- ^ a b Faraone SV, et al. (2021). "The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 128. Elsevier BV: 789–818. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022. ISSN 0149-7634. PMC 8328933. PMID 33549739.
- ^ a b Parrillo VN (2008). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Encyclopedia of Social Problems. Sage. p. 63. ISBN 978-1412941655. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ^ a b Mayes R, Bagwell C, Erkulwater J (2008). "ADHD and the rise in stimulant use among children". Harvard Review of Psychiatry (Review). 16 (3): 151–66. doi:10.1080/10673220802167782. PMID 18569037. S2CID 18481191.
- ^ Foreman DM (February 2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: legal and ethical aspects". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 91 (2): 192–194. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.064576. PMC 2082674. PMID 16428370.
- ^ a b c Cormier E (October 2008). "Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and update". Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 23 (5): 345–357. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2008.01.003. PMID 18804015.
- ^ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2009). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults. NICE Clinical Guidelines. Vol. 72. Leicester: British Psychological Society. pp. 18–26, 38. ISBN 978-1-85433-471-8. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 – via NCBI Bookshelf.
- ^ Faraone SV (February 2005). "The scientific foundation for understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a valid psychiatric disorder". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 14 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0429-z. PMID 15756510. S2CID 143646869.
- ^ Boseley S (30 September 2010). "Hyperactive children may have genetic disorder, says study". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017.
- ^ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2009). "Diagnosis". Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults. NICE Clinical Guidelines. Vol. 72. Leicester: British Psychological Society. pp. 116–117, 119. ISBN 978-1-85433-471-8. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 – via NCBI Bookshelf.
- ^ Schwarz A (14 December 2013). "The Selling of Attention Deficit Disorder". The New York Times. No. 14 December 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ Ginsberg Y, Quintero J, Anand E, Casillas M, Upadhyaya HP (2014). "Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature". The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 16 (3). doi:10.4088/PCC.13r01600. PMC 4195639. PMID 25317367.
Reports indicate that ADHD affects 2.5–5% of adults in the general population, compared with 5–7% of children. ... However, fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and/or treated by psychiatrists.
- ^ Elder TE (September 2010). "The importance of relative standards in ADHD diagnoses: evidence based on exact birth dates". Journal of Health Economics. 29 (5): 641–656. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.06.003. PMC 2933294. PMID 20638739.
- ^ a b c Mayes R, Bagwell C, Erkulwater JL (2009). Medicating Children: ADHD and Pediatric Mental Health (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 4–24. ISBN 978-0-674-03163-0.
- ^ Merten EC, Cwik JC, Margraf J, Schneider S (2017). "Overdiagnosis of mental disorders in children and adolescents (in developed countries)". Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 11: 5. doi:10.1186/s13034-016-0140-5. PMC 5240230. PMID 28105068.
((cite journal)): CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Taylor E (April 2017). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: overdiagnosed or diagnoses missed?". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 102 (4): 376–379. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-310487. PMID 27821518. S2CID 19878394.
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