Gold dinar minted with al-Musta'li's name

Al-Mustaʿlī biʾllāh (15/16 September 1074 – 1101) was the ninth Fatimid caliph and the nineteenth imam of Musta'li Ismailism. He became caliph through the machinations of his brother-in-law al-Afdal Shahanshah. In response, his oldest brother, Nizar, revolted in Alexandria; his defeat and execution split the Isma'ili movement. Al-Musta'li remained subordinate to al-Afdal, who was the de facto ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate. The Caliphate's territory in Egypt experienced good government and prosperity, but the Fatimids suffered setbacks in Syria, where they faced the advance of the Seljuk Turks. Al-Afdal recovered the port city of Tyre and recaptured Jerusalem in the turmoil caused by the arrival of the First Crusade. Despite Fatimid attempts to make common cause with the Crusaders against the Seljuks, the Crusaders advanced south and captured Jerusalem in July 1099 and defeated the Fatimid army at the Battle of Ascalon. Al-Musta'li died in 1101 and was succeeded by his son al-Amir. (Full article...)

Morgan Library & Museum

• ... that during the Panic of 1907, the presidents of New York City's banks and trust companies were locked in the Pierpont Morgan Library (pictured)?
• ... that Olympic taekwondo practitioner Yahya Al-Ghotany picked up the sport "by chance" at a refugee camp?
• ... that the opera Christopher Columbus was written by its Jewish composer while fleeing persecution from Nazi Germany by sailing across the Atlantic?
• ... that The Invincible Dragon was filmed at the Macau police headquarters without permission, leading to the detention of the director and the lead actor?
• ... that David Gillespie became the chief surveyor of the United States boundary commission after the first surveyor was considered to be "insufferably arrogant"?
• ... that the creator of Ani ni Aisaresugite Komattemasu ensured a happy ending by not making the main characters blood relatives?
• ... that painter Mark Robert Harrison's brother died in a fire that broke out at one of Harrison's own exhibitions in 1846?
• ... that €40,000 of equipment and cash was stolen during the filming of the music video for "Cry Baby"?
• ... that to avoid COVID-19 rule breaches, officials had to discourage people from posting a leopard seal's location online?

Alberto Fujimori in 1991

• Former president of Peru Alberto Fujimori (pictured) dies at the age of 86.
• Flooding following a dam collapse in Borno State, Nigeria, leaves 30 people dead.
• Typhoon Yagi leaves more than 780 people dead across six Asian countries.
• Abdelmadjid Tebboune is declared the winner of the Algerian presidential election amid a dispute over the election's turnout.
• Michel Barnier is appointed prime minister of France by President Emmanuel Macron, leading to nationwide anti-government protests.

September 15: Battle of Britain Day in the United Kingdom (1940)

Marilyn Monroe posing during filming for The Seven Year Itch

• 1462 – The Ottoman conquest of Lesbos ended upon the surrender of commander Niccolò Gattilusio; the conquering Mehmed II executed 300 Italian soldiers by chopping them in half, claiming he was fulfilling a promise to "spare their heads".
• 1830 – The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&M), the first locomotive-hauled railway to connect two major cities, opened with the Duke of Wellington in attendance.
• 1954 – The scene in The Seven Year Itch of Marilyn Monroe standing in a white dress over a subway grate (pictured) was filmed by Billy Wilder.
• 2013 – The Belarusian serial killer Ivan Kulesh murdered two saleswomen in Lida.