Solar eclipse of January 1, 1889
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	0.8603
Magnitude	1.0262
Maximum eclipse
Duration	137 s (2 min 17 s)
Coordinates	36°42′N 137°36′W / 36.7°N 137.6°W / 36.7; -137.6
Max. width of band	175 km (109 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	21:16:50
References
Saros	120 (54 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9255

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, January 1, 1889, with a magnitude of 1.0262. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.25 days after perigee (on December 31, 1888, at 15:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.^[1]

The path of totality was visible from parts of the modern-day Aleutian Islands of Alaska, California, Nevada, extreme southeastern Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota in the United States and south-central Canada. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for much of North America, Hawaii, and the western Caribbean.

Wovoka the Paiute prophet received visions during the solar eclipse of January 1889. These visions were framework for the Pan-Indian religious movement known as the Ghost Dance.^[2]

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.^[3]

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January 1889

January 1 Descending node (new moon)	January 17 Ascending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 120	Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 132

• A total solar eclipse on January 1.
• A partial lunar eclipse on January 17.
• An annular solar eclipse on June 28.
• A partial lunar eclipse on July 12.
• A total solar eclipse on December 22.

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 16, 1885
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 20, 1892

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 13, 1896

• Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 28, 1879
• Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 8, 1898

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 2, 1878
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 3, 1899

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 22, 1870
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 14, 1907

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 23, 1860
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 1917

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 4, 1802
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 3, 1975

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.^[4]

The partial solar eclipses on February 11, 1888 and August 7, 1888 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1888 to 1891
Ascending node				Descending node
Saros	Map	Gamma		Saros	Map	Gamma
115	July 9, 1888 Partial	−1.2797		120	January 1, 1889 Total	0.8603
125	June 28, 1889 Annular	−0.5431		130	December 22, 1889 Total	0.1888
135	June 17, 1890 Annular	0.2246		140	December 12, 1890 Hybrid	−0.5016
145	June 6, 1891 Annular	0.9754		150	December 1, 1891 Partial	−1.2515

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 120, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 27, 933 AD. It contains annular eclipses from August 11, 1059 through April 26, 1492; hybrid eclipses from May 8, 1510 through June 8, 1564; and total eclipses from June 20, 1582 through March 30, 2033. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 7, 2195. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 24 seconds on September 11, 1113, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 60 at 2 minutes, 50 seconds on March 9, 1997. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.^[5]

Series members 50–71 occur between 1801 and 2195:
50	51	52
November 19, 1816	November 30, 1834	December 11, 1852
53	54	55
December 22, 1870	January 1, 1889	January 14, 1907
56	57	58
January 24, 1925	February 4, 1943	February 15, 1961
59	60	61
February 26, 1979	March 9, 1997	March 20, 2015
62	63	64
March 30, 2033	April 11, 2051	April 21, 2069
65	66	67
May 2, 2087	May 14, 2105	May 25, 2123
68	69	70
June 4, 2141	June 16, 2159	June 26, 2177
71
July 7, 2195

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between March 16, 1866 and August 9, 1953
March 16–17	January 1–3	October 20–22	August 9–10	May 27–29
108	110	112	114	116
March 16, 1866			August 9, 1877	May 27, 1881
118	120	122	124	126
March 16, 1885	January 1, 1889	October 20, 1892	August 9, 1896	May 28, 1900
128	130	132	134	136
March 17, 1904	January 3, 1908	October 22, 1911	August 10, 1915	May 29, 1919
138	140	142	144	146
March 17, 1923	January 3, 1927	October 21, 1930	August 10, 1934	May 29, 1938
148	150	152	154
March 16, 1942	January 3, 1946	October 21, 1949	August 9, 1953

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
September 8, 1801 (Saros 112)	August 7, 1812 (Saros 113)	July 8, 1823 (Saros 114)	June 7, 1834 (Saros 115)	May 6, 1845 (Saros 116)
April 5, 1856 (Saros 117)	March 6, 1867 (Saros 118)	February 2, 1878 (Saros 119)	January 1, 1889 (Saros 120)	December 3, 1899 (Saros 121)
November 2, 1910 (Saros 122)	October 1, 1921 (Saros 123)	August 31, 1932 (Saros 124)	August 1, 1943 (Saros 125)	June 30, 1954 (Saros 126)
May 30, 1965 (Saros 127)	April 29, 1976 (Saros 128)	March 29, 1987 (Saros 129)	February 26, 1998 (Saros 130)	January 26, 2009 (Saros 131)
December 26, 2019 (Saros 132)	November 25, 2030 (Saros 133)	October 25, 2041 (Saros 134)	September 22, 2052 (Saros 135)	August 24, 2063 (Saros 136)
July 24, 2074 (Saros 137)	June 22, 2085 (Saros 138)	May 22, 2096 (Saros 139)	April 23, 2107 (Saros 140)	March 22, 2118 (Saros 141)
February 18, 2129 (Saros 142)	January 20, 2140 (Saros 143)	December 19, 2150 (Saros 144)	November 17, 2161 (Saros 145)	October 17, 2172 (Saros 146)
September 16, 2183 (Saros 147)	August 16, 2194 (Saros 148)

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
March 4, 1802 (Saros 117)	February 12, 1831 (Saros 118)	January 23, 1860 (Saros 119)
January 1, 1889 (Saros 120)	December 14, 1917 (Saros 121)	November 23, 1946 (Saros 122)
November 3, 1975 (Saros 123)	October 14, 2004 (Saros 124)	September 23, 2033 (Saros 125)
September 3, 2062 (Saros 126)	August 15, 2091 (Saros 127)	July 25, 2120 (Saros 128)
July 5, 2149 (Saros 129)	June 16, 2178 (Saros 130)

• NASA chart graphics
  • Googlemap
  • NASA Besselian elements
• Photo of Solar Corona January 1, 1889
• Eclipse of June 1, 1889. Contact print from the original glass negative. Lick Observatory Plate Archive, Mt. Hamilton. [January 1, 1889?!]
• C.E. Watkins photo / eclipse / lick observatory 1889?^{[permanent dead link]}, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Object Number: 88.XM.92.83

v t e Solar eclipses
Features	Baily's beads (diamond ring) Shadow bands Solar prominence Stellar corona helmet streamer
Lists of eclipses	By era Antiquity Middle Ages Modern era 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd Future Saros series (list) 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 Visibility Australia British Isles China Israel Philippines Russia Turkey Ukraine United States Historical Mursili's eclipse (1312 BC) Assyrian eclipse (763 BC) Eclipse of Thales (585 BC) Muhammad's eclipse (632 AD)
Total/hybrid eclipses → next total/hybrid	1133 1185 1560 1598 1652 1654 1673 1706 1715 1724 1766 1778 1780 1806 1816 1824 1842 1851 1853 1857 1858 1860 1865 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1874 1875 1878 1882 1883 1885 1886 1887 Jan. 1889 Dec. 1889 1893 1896 1898 1900 1901 1903 1904 1905 1907 Jan. 1908 Dec. 1908 1909 1910 1911 Apr. 1912 Oct. 1912 1914 1916 1918 1919 1921 1922 1923 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Apr. 1930 Oct. 1930 1932 1934 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1943 Jan. 1944 1945 1947 1948 1950 1952 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1961 1962 1963 1965 1966 1967 1968 1970 1972 1973 1974 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2023 2024 → 2026 2027 2028 2030 2031 2033 2034 2035 2037 2038 2039 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2048 2049 2050 2052 2053 2055 Jan. 2057 Dec. 2057 2059 2060 2061 2063 2064 2066 2067 2068 2070 2071 2072 2073 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2081 2082 2084 2086 2088 2089 2090 2091 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2099 2100 2186
Annular eclipses → next annular	1820 1854 1879 1889 1900 1901 1903 1904 1905 1907 1908 1911 1914 Feb. 1915 Aug. 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1921 1922 1923 1925 1926 1927 1929 1932 Feb. 1933 Aug. 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1939 1940 1941 1943 Jul. 1944 1945 1947 1948 1950 Mar. 1951 Sep. 1951 1952 Jan. 1954 Dec. 1954 1955 1957 1958 1959 1961 1962 1963 1965 1966 Mar. 1969 Sep. 1969 1970 1972 Jan. 1973 Dec. 1973 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1983 1984 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2023 → 2024 2026 2027 2028 2030 2031 2032 2034 2035 2036 Jan. 2038 Jul. 2038 2039 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 2048 2049 2052 2053 Jan. 2056 Jul. 2056 2057 2059 2060 2061 2063 2064 2066 2067 2070 2071 Jan. 2074 Jul. 2074 2075 2077 2078 2079 2081 2082 2084 Jun. 2085 Dec. 2085 2088 2089 Feb. 2092 Aug. 2092 2093 2095 2096 2097 2099 2100
Partial eclipses → next partial	Jan. 1639 Nov. 1873 Apr. 1902 May 1902 Oct. 1902 Feb. 1906 Jul. 1906 Aug. 1906 Dec. 1909 Nov. 1910 Apr. 1913 Aug. 1913 Sep. 1913 Dec. 1916 Jan. 1917 Jun. 1917 Jul. 1917 May 1920 Nov. 1920 Mar. 1924 Jul. 1924 Aug. 1924 Dec. 1927 Jun. 1928 Nov. 1928 Apr. 1931 Sep. 1931 Oct. 1931 Jan. 1935 Feb. 1935 Jun. 1935 Jul. 1935 Nov. 1938 Mar. 1942 Aug. 1942 Sep. 1942 Jan. 1946 May 1946 Jun. 1946 Nov. 1946 Apr. 1949 Oct. 1949 Feb. 1953 Jul. 1953 Aug. 1953 Dec. 1956 Mar. 1960 Sep. 1960 Jan. 1964 Jun. 1964 Jul. 1964 Dec. 1964 May 1967 Mar. 1968 Feb. 1971 Jul. 1971 Aug. 1971 Dec. 1974 May 1975 Nov. 1975 Apr. 1978 Oct. 1978 Jan. 1982 Jun. 1982 Jul. 1982 Dec. 1982 May 1985 Apr. 1986 Mar. 1989 Aug. 1989 Dec. 1992 May 1993 Nov. 1993 Apr. 1996 Oct. 1996 Sep. 1997 Feb. 2000 1 Jul. 2000 31 Jul. 2000 Dec. 2000 Apr. 2004 Oct. 2004 Mar. 2007 Sep. 2007 Jan. 2011 Jun. 2011 Jul. 2011 Nov. 2011 Oct. 2014 Sep. 2015 Feb. 2018 Jul. 2018 Aug. 2018 Jan. 2019 Apr. 2022 Oct. 2022 → Mar. 2025 Sep. 2025 Jan. 2029 Jun. 2029 Jul. 2029 Dec. 2029 2032 2033 Feb. 2036 Jul. 2036 Aug. 2036 2037 May 2040 Nov. 2040 Jan. 2047 Jun. 2047 Jul. 2047 Dec. 2047 2050 Apr. 2051 Oct. 2051 Mar. 2054 Aug. 2054 Sep. 2054 2055 May 2058 Jun. 2058 Nov. 2058 Mar. 2062 Sep. 2062 Feb. 2065 Jul. 2065 Aug. 2065 Dec. 2065 2068 Apr. 2069 May 2069 Oct. 2069 2072 2073 Jun. 2076 Jul. 2076 Nov. 2076 Feb. 2083 Jul. 2083 Aug. 2083 2084 2086 May 2087 Jun. 2087 Oct. 2087 2090 2091 Jun. 2094 Jul. 2094 Dec. 2094 Apr. 2098 Sep. 2098 Oct. 2098
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