Norse group
The Norse group is a large group of retrograde irregular satellites of Saturn. Their semi-major axes range between 12 and 27 Gm, their inclinations between 136° and 178° and their eccentricities between 0.06 and 0.63. Unlike the Inuit and Gallic groups, the orbital parameters are widely dispersed and the group is likely to be composed from a number of subgroups with more homogeneous orbital and physical parameters. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) reserves names taken from Norse mythology (mostly giants) for these moons. The exception is Phoebe (Greek mythology), the largest, which was discovered long before the others.
The discovery of 17 new moons in this group was announced in October 2019. A team led by Scott S. Sheppard using the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea discovered 20 new moons, each about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in diameter. 17 of these are thought to fit into the Norse group. One of these is the most distant moon of Saturn. A public naming contest for these moons was announced, restricted to names from Norse mythology.[1] Ten of these moons received official names in August 2022.[2]
The members of the group are (in order of increasing distance from Saturn according to JPL mean orbital elements):[3]
| Name | Diameter (km) | Period (days) | Subgroup |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoebe | 213 | –550.30 | Phoebe |
| S/2006 S 20 |
5 | –567.27 | Phoebe?[4][5][a] |
| S/2006 S 9 |
3 | –647.89 | Phoebe?[6][a] |
| Skathi | 9 | –728.10 | |
| S/2007 S 5 | 4 | –746.88 | |
| S/2007 S 7 | 4 | –754.29 | |
| S/2007 S 2 | 5 | –754.90 | |
| S/2004 S 37 | 4 | –754.48 | |
| S/2004 S 47 | 4 | –762.49 | |
| S/2004 S 40 | 4 | –764.60 | |
| S/2019 S 2 | 3 | –799.82 | |
| S/2019 S 3 | 4 | –837.74 | |
| S/2020 S 7 | 3 | –861.70 | |
| Skoll | 6 | –878.44 | |
| S/2020 S 2 | 3 | –897.60 | |
| S/2019 S 4 | 3 | –904.26 | |
| S/2004 S 41 | 4 | –914.61 | |
| S/2004 S 42 | 4 | –925.91 | |
| Hyrrokkin | 9 | –931.89 | |
| Greip | 6 | –936.98 | |
| S/2004 S 13 | 4 | –942.57 | |
| S/2007 S 6 | 3 | –949.50 | |
| Mundilfari | 8 | –952.95 | |
| S/2006 S 1 | 5 | –964.14 | |
| S/2004 S 43 | 4 | –980.08 | |
| S/2006 S 10 | 3 | –983.14 | |
| S/2019 S 5 | 3 | –990.38 | |
| Gridr | 5 | –1004.75 | |
| Bergelmir | 6 | –1005.58 | |
| Jarnsaxa | 5 | –1006.92 | |
| Narvi | 8 | –1003.84 | |
| Suttungr | 8 | –1016.71 | |
| S/2007 S 3 | 5 | –1026.35 | |
| S/2004 S 44 | 5 | –1026.16 | |
| S/2004 S 45 | 4 | –1038.70 | |
| Hati | 6 | –1040.29 | |
| S/2004 S 17 | 4 | –1040.86 | |
| S/2006 S 11 | 3 | –1042.28 | |
| S/2004 S 12 | 4 | –1048.57 | |
| Eggther | 6 | –1052.33 | |
| S/2006 S 13 | 4 | –1060.63 | |
| S/2007 S 9 | 4 | –1078.07 | |
| S/2019 S 7 | 4 | –1080.29 | |
| S/2019 S 8 | 4 | –1088.68 | |
| Farbauti | 5 | –1087.29 | |
| Thrymr | 9 | –1091.84 | |
| Bestla | 8 | –1087.46 | |
| S/2019 S 9 | 4 | –1093.11 | |
| S/2004 S 46 | 3 | –1107.58 | |
| Angrboda | 4 | –1114.05 | |
| S/2019 S 11 | 4 | –1115.00 | |
| Aegir | 5 | –1119.33 | |
| Beli | 4 | –1121.76 | |
| S/2019 S 10 | 3 | –1123.04 | |
| S/2019 S 12 | 4 | –1138.85 | |
| Gerd | 4 | –1142.97 | |
| S/2019 S 13 | 3 | –1144.92 | |
| S/2006 S 14 | 3 | –1152.68 | |
| Gunnlod | 5 | –1157.98 | |
| S/2019 S 15 | 3 | –1161.54 | |
| S/2020 S 6 | 3 | –1168.86 | |
| S/2004 S 7 | 5 | –1173.93 | |
| S/2006 S 3 | 5 | –1174.76 | |
| S/2005 S 5 | 3 | –1177.82 | |
| Skrymir | 5 | –1185.15 | |
| S/2006 S 16 | 3 | –1207.52 | |
| S/2006 S 15 | 4 | –1213.96 | |
| S/2004 S 28 | 5 | –1220.68 | |
| S/2020 S 8 | 3 | –1228.12 | |
| Alvaldi | 5 | –1232.19 | |
| Kari | 8 | –1231.01 | |
| S/2004 S 48 | 4 | –1242.40 | |
| Geirrod | 4 | –1251.14 | |
| Fenrir | 4 | –1260.25 | |
| S/2004 S 50 | 3 | –1260.44 | |
| S/2006 S 17 | 4 | –1264.58 | |
| S/2004 S 49 | 4 | –1264.25 | |
| S/2019 S 17 | 4 | –1291.39 | |
| Surtur | 5 | –1296.49 | |
| S/2006 S 18 | 4 | –1298.40 | |
| Loge | 6 | –1311.83 | |
| Ymir | 22 | –1315.16 | |
| S/2019 S 19 | 3 | –1318.05 | |
| S/2004 S 21 | 4 | –1325.43 | |
| S/2019 S 18 | 3 | –1327.06 | |
| S/2004 S 39 | 4 | –1336.17 | |
| S/2019 S 16 | 3 | –1341.17 | |
| S/2004 S 53 | 4 | –1342.44 | |
| S/2004 S 36 | 4 | –1352.93 | |
| Thiazzi | 4 | –1366.68 | |
| S/2019 S 20 | 3 | –1375.45 | |
| S/2006 S 19 | 4 | –1389.33 | |
| S/2004 S 34 | 4 | –1420.77 | |
| Fornjot | 6 | –1494.03 | |
| S/2004 S 51 | 4 | –1519.43 | |
| S/2020 S 10 | 3 | –1527.22 | |
| S/2020 S 9 | 4 | –1534.97 | |
| S/2004 S 26 | 5 | –1603.95 | |
| S/2019 S 21 | 4 | –1636.32 | |
| S/2004 S 52 | 3 | –1633.98 |
Notes
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ NASA (October 7, 2019). "Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons—and you can help name them". phys.org.
- ^ "Names Approved for 10 Small Satellites of Saturn". usgs.gov. USGS. 24 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- ^ Sheppard, Scott S.; Gladman, Brett J.; Alexandersen, Mike A.; Trujillo, Chadwick A. (May 2023). "New Jupiter and Saturn Satellites Reveal New Moon Dynamical Families". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (5). Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..100S. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acd766. 100.
- ^ "S/2006 S 20". Tilmann Denk. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ "S/2006 S 9". Tilmann Denk. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
External links
[edit]- S. Sheppard's classification of Saturn's irregular moons
Listed in approximate increasing distance from Saturn | |||||||
| Ring moonlets | |||||||
| Ring shepherds | |||||||
| Other inner moons | |||||||
| Alkyonides | |||||||
| Large moons (with trojans) | |||||||
| Inuit group (12) |
| ||||||
| Gallic group (7) | |||||||
| Norse group (100) |
| ||||||
| Outlier prograde irregular moons | |||||||
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