Prochloron
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Cyanobacteria
Class:	Cyanophyceae
Order:	Synechococcales
Family:	Prochloraceae
Genus:	Prochloron R.A.Lewin, 1977
Species
P. didemni (Lewin, 1977) = Synechocystis didemni[1]

Prochloron (from the Greek pro (before) and the Greek chloros (green) ) is a genus of unicellular oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes commonly found as an extracellular symbiont on coral reefs, particularly in didemnid ascidians (sea squirts). Part of the phylum cyanobacteria, it was theorized (endosymbiotic theory) that Prochloron is a predecessor of the photosynthetic components, chloroplasts, found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. However this theory is largely refuted by phylogenetic studies which indicate Prochloron is not on the same line of descent that lead to chloroplast-containing algae and land plants.^[2]

Prochloron was discovered in 1975 by Ralph A. Lewin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Prochloron is one of three known prochlorophytes, cyanobacteria that contain both chlorophyll a and b bound to a special light-harvesting protein.^[2] Surprisingly, unlike most cyanobacteria Prochloron do not contain the red or blue pigments called phycobilins, seen in many species of cyanobacteria. Repeated unsuccessful attempts to culture Prochloron outside a host make them the only known obligate photosymbionts in the phylum Chordata.^[3][4]

The only taxonomically valid species is P. didemni.

• Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2008). "Prochloron". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
• Waterbury, John, et al. Little Things Matter A Lot. Oceanus Magazine. 2004, 43(2).
• Yellowlees, David; et al. (2008). "Metabolic interactions between algal symbionts and invertebrate hosts". Plant, Cell and Environment. 31 (5): 679–694. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01802.x. PMID 18315536.