Paradan
Paradan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 125–c.650 CE | |||||||||
![Core territory and possible maximum extent of Paradan.[1]](/en/File:Map_of_Paradan.png) Core territory and possible maximum extent of Paradan.[1] | |||||||||
| Historical era | Antiquity | ||||||||
• Established | 125 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | c.650 CE | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Afghanistan Pakistan | ||||||||
Paradan or Paratan was a province of the Paratarajas and the Sasanian Empire. It was constituted from the present-day Balochistan region, which is divided between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Paratarajas
[edit]
Evidence from coins shows that it was located in what is now north-eastern Balochistan, centered around the town of Loralai (now in Pakistan), further east than traditionally thought.[2] Thus it was located roughly where the map places the province of Turan.[1] Paradan has been associated with the territory of the historical Paratarajas (125-300 CE).[3]
Sasanian Empire
[edit]The province of Paradan is mentioned in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht of 262 CE, one of the many provinces of the Sasanian Empire:[4][5]
"And I (Shapur I) possess the lands: Fars Persis, Pahlav (Parthia) (......) and all of Abarshahr (all the upper (eastern, Parthian) provinces), Kerman (Kirman), Sakastan, Turgistan, Makuran, Pardan (Paradene), Hind (Sind) and Kushanshahr all the way to Pashkibur (Peshawar?) and to the borders of Kashgaria, Sogdia and Chach (Tashkent) and of that sea-coast Mazonshahr (Oman)."
— Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht (262 CE), translation by Josef Wiesehöfer (1996).[6][7][8]
Traditionally, Paradan was held to be further west, in the area of western Balochitan.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Tandon, Pankaj (2012). "The Location and Kings of Paradan". Studia Iranica. 41: 46.
- ^ Tandon 2012
- ^ Tandon 2012
- ^ Gardner 2014, p. 57.
- ^ Tandon (2012). "The Location And Kings Of Paradan". Studia Iranica (41): 28.
- ^ The complete paragraph goes:
"And I [Shapur I] possess the lands: Fars [Persis], Pahlav [Parthia], Huzestan [Khuzistan], Meshan [Maishan, Mesene], Asorestan [Mesopotamia], Nod-Ardakhshiragan [Adiabene], Arbayestan [Arabia], Adurbadagan [Atropatene], Armen [Armenia], Virozan [Iberia], Segan [Machelonia], Arran [Albania], Balasagan up to the Caucasus and to the ‘gate of the Alans’ and all of Padishkhvar[gar] [the entire Elburz chain = Tabaristan and Gelan (?)], Mad [Media], Gurgan [Hyrcania], Marv [Margiana], Harey [Aria], and all of Abarshahr [all the upper (= eastern, Parthian) provinces], Kerman [Kirman], Sakastan, Turgistan, Makuran, Pardan [Paradene], Hind [Sind] and Kushanshahr all the way to Pashkibur [Peshawar?] and to the borders of Kashgaria, Sogdia and Chach [Tashkent] and of that sea-coast Mazonshahr [‘Oman’]."
in Wiesehöfer, Josef (1996). Ancient Persia : from 550 BC to 650 AD. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 184. ISBN 978-1860646751. - ^ For a secondary source see Kia, Mehrdad (27 June 2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-61069-391-2.
- ^ For another referenced translation, visible online, see: Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. p. 371. ISBN 978-3-406-09397-5.
Sources
[edit]- Brunner, Christopher (1983). "Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy". The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 747–778. ISBN 978-0-521-24693-4.
- Tandon, Pankaj. 2012. "The Location and Kings of Paradan" Studia Iranica, 41 pp 25-56. http://people.bu.edu/ptandon/Paradan.pdf
Provinces of the Sasanian Empire | ||
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* indicates short living provinces | ||
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