Paenungulatomorpha Temporal range: Paleocene - Recent, 61–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Crowned paenungulates and Ocepeia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Superorder:	Afrotheria
Clade:	Paenungulatomorpha Gheerbrant, 2016
Subgroups
†Hadrogeneios †Ocepeia †Abdounodus Paenungulata

Paenungulatomorpha is a clade of afrotherian mammals that can be characterized according to Gheerbrant et al. (2016)^[1]:

by a mandibular retromolar fossa, the absence of hypocone, an ectoloph selenodont and linked to strong styles such as mesostyle in basal taxa, and a more or less developed pseudohypocone.

Originally it was thought paenungulates were closely related to the perissodactyls in the clade Altungulata due to shared attributes in the dental, osteological and soft-tissues.^[2][3][4] However this view was contested as molecular studies have widely supported that paenungulates are not related to the perissodactyls, instead more related to the widely different clade Afroinsectiphilia, with them forming the clade Afrotheria.^{[5][6][7][8][9]} There has been also some morphological data to support Afrotheria,^[10][11][12] though the paleontological record to support was lacking until reexamination of the genera Ocepeia^[13] and Abdounodus,^[1] as well as the description of the basal Hadrogeneios in 2023^[14] has shown not only fossil evidence for the inclusion of paenungulates as afrotherians but also any morphological similarities between paenungulates and perissodactyls is due to convergence.^[1]

Below is a cladogram from Gheerbrant (2023):^[14]

v t e Paenungulatomorpha
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Placentalia Superorder: Afrotheria
Paenungulatomorpha †Abdounodus †Hadrogeneios †Ocepeia Hyracoidea †Dimaitherium †Helioseus †Megalohyrax †Microhyrax †Namahyrax †Regubahyrax †Rukwalorax †Saghatherium †Seggeurius †Selenohyrax †Thyrohyrax †Geniohyidae Brachyhyrax Bunohyrax Geniohyus Pachyhyrax †Titanohyracidae Afrohyrax Antilohyrax Rupestrohyrax Titanohyrax †Pliohyracidae Hengduanshanhyrax Kvabebihyrax Meroehyrax Parapliohyrax Pliohyrax Postschizotherium Prohyrax Procaviidae Dendrohyrax †Gigantohyrax Heterohyrax Procavia Tethytheria †Desmostylia? Paleoparadoxiidae Ashoroa Paleoparadoxia Neoparadoxia Desmostylidae Behemotops Cornwallius Desmostylus Kronokotherium Ounalashkastylus †Embrithopoda Stylolophus Arsinoitheriidae Arsinoitherium Namatherium Palaeoamasiidae Crivadiatherium Hypsamasia Palaeoamasia Proboscidea see Proboscidea includes elephants Sirenia see Sirenia includes dugongs and manatees