Oskar Müller (25 June 1896 – 14 January 1970) was a German politician who was the first employment minister in Hesse after World War II.

Müller was born in Wohlau in Prussian Silesia as the son of a farmer. He fought in World War I and became an officer. After the war, he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Later, he was selected into the Prussian federal state parliament, to which he belonged until 1933. Beginning in 1928 Müller worked several years as an organization leader of the KPD in Hesse.

When the Nazi Party came to power, Müller was declared one of their enemies. On 22 November 1933 the Gestapo arrested him. He spent three years in a penitentiary and was held until 1939 at Sachsenhausen. From June 1939 by August 1944 he found accommodation in the Offenbacher leather industry as an employee. In August 1944, he was again arrested for resisting the Nazis and imprisoned at Dachau.^[1]

Although detention in the concentration camps had weakened Müller's health, he eagerly assisted in the reconstruction of Germany. In October 1945 he became a minister for work and welfare under Prime Minister Karl Geiler, but was replaced in 1947.

Müller concentrated on party work. In 1948, he again became a regional chairman of the KPD. In 1949 he was laid off, but remained part of the party executive committee of the KPD.

From 1949–1953 Müller belonged to the German Bundestag. He was briefly arrested in 1953. Since that time he worked as one of the presidents and as a Secretary-General of the anti-fascist Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes (VVN).

Müller was a developer of the Hesse constitution, which carries his signature. Articles 41 and 42 plan the transfer of the large-scale industry in common property. Lockout was forbidden by the constitution.

In agreement and in constant consultation with the trade unions by the Ministry of Labour, an exemplary works council law was created, in which participation in equal numbers was fully embodied. The Hessian constitution was well-admired and used as a model by other states.

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v t e Members of the 1st Bundestag (1949–1953)
President: Erich Köhler until 18 October 1950; Hermann Ehlers from 19 October 1950 (CDU)
CDU/CSU	v t e CDU and CSU Speaker: Konrad Adenauer until 21 September 1949; Heinrich von Brentano from 30 September 1949 CDU: Adenauer Albers Arndgen Bartram (from 13 May 1952) Bauknecht Baur Bausch Becker Blank Brauksiepe Brentano Brese Brökelschen Brönner Brookmann Bucerius Degener (until 31 December 1951) Dietz Dresbach Eckstein Ehlers Ehren Eplée (from 16 January 1953) Erhard Etzel (until 4 January 1953) Etzenbach Even Feldmann Frey Friedensburg (from 1 February 1952) Gengler Gerns Gerstenmaier Gibbert Giencke Glüsing Gockeln Götz Gröwel Günther Hagge (from 24 June 1953 FDP) Handschumacher (from 21 January 1953) Heiler Heix Henle Hilbert Hilpert (until 10 October 1949) Höfler Hohl (from 3 November 1949) Holzapfel (until 20 January 1953) Hoogen Hoppe Horn (from 10 June 1950) Huth Junglas Kaiser Kather Kemper Kern Kiesinger Köhler Kopf Krone Kühling Kuntscher Kunze Lehr Leibfried Lemmer (from 1 February 1952) Lenz Leonhard Lübke (until 30 September 1950) Lücke Majonica (from 19 November 1950) Massoth Maxsein (from 1 February 1952) Mayer Mehs Mensing Morgenthaler Muckermann Mühlenberg Müller Müller-Hermann (from 1 January 1952) Naegel Neber Nellen Neuburger Niggemeyer Oetzel (from 24 January 1953) Orth Pelster Pfender Pferdmenges (from 12 January 1950) Povel (until 21 October 1952) Pünder Raestrup Rehling Rösch Rümmele Sabel Scharnberg Schill Schlange-Schöningen (until 9 June 1950) Schmitt Schmitz Schmücker Schröder Schröter (until 25 February 1952) Schuler Schulze-Pellengahr Schüttler Serres Sewald (until 25 November 1949) Siebel Stauch Steinbiß Storch Struve Tillmanns Vogel Wacker Wackerzapp Wahl Weber Weber Weiß Winkelheide Wuermeling CSU: Bauereisen Bodensteiner (from 14 November 1952 Non-attached (GVP)) Fuchs Fugger Funk Horlacher Jaeger Kahn Karpf Kemmer Kleindinst Laforet Loibl (until 16 April 1951) Nickl Niklas (from 30 May 1951) Oesterle Probst Schäffer Schatz Schütz Semler (from 14 May 1950) Solleder Spies Spreti Strauss Stücklen
SPD	v t e SPD Speaker: Kurt Schumacher until 20 August 1952; Erich Ollenhauer from 7 October 1952 Members: Albertz Albrecht Altmaier Ansorge (from 17 November 1951) Arndt Arnholz Baade Bärsch Baur Bazille Behrisch Bergmann Bergsträsser Berlin Bettgenhäuser Bielig Birkelbach Blachstein Bleiß Böhm Brandt Brill Bromme Brünen Brunner (until 13 November 1951) Cramer Dannebom Diel Döhring Eichler Ekstrand Erler Faller (from 4 December 1951) Fischer (until 21 October 1951) Franke (from 17 May 1951) Freidhof Freitag Geritzmann Gleisner Görlinger Graf Greve Gülich Happe Heiland Heinen (from 24 July 1953) Hennig Henßler Herbig (until 1 December 1951) Herrmann Höcker Höhne Hubert Imig Jacobi Jacobs Jahn Kalbfell Kalbitzer Keilhack Keuning Kinat Kipp-Kaule Klabunde (until 21 November 1950) Knoeringen (until 3 April 1951) Knothe (until 20 February 1952) Koch Königswarter (from 1 February 1952) Korspeter Krahnstöver Kreyssig (from 4 April 1951) Kriedemann Kurlbaum Lange Lausen Leddin (until 25 March 1951) Löbe Lockmann (from 28 November 1950) Lohmüller (until 2 March 1952) Ludwig Lütkens Marx Matzner Mayer Meitmann Mellies Menzel Merten (from 23 April 1951) Mertins Meyer Meyer Meyer-Laule Missmahl Mommer Moosdorf (from 4 May 1952) Mücke Müller Müller Nadig Neubauer (from 1 February 1952) Neumann Nölting (until 15 July 1953) Nowack Odenthal (from 28 September 1951) Ohlig Ollenhauer Paul Peters Pohle Preller (from 16 March 1951) Priebe Reitzner Richter Ritzel Roth (until 14 May 1951) Ruhnke Runge Sander Sassnick Schanzenbach Schellenberg (from 1 February 1952) Schmid Schmidt Schoettle Schönauer (until 2 April 1950) Schöne Schroeder Schröter (from 1 February 1952) Schumacher (until 20 August 1952) Segitz (from 4 December 1951) Seuffert Stech Steinhörster Stierle Stopperich (until 6 January 1952) Striebeck Strobel Suhr (until 31 January 1952) Temmen Tenhagen Troppenz Veit Wagner Wehner Wehr (from 21 May 1952) Weinhold Welke Weltner Wenzel Winter (from 9 November 1952) Wolff (from 1 February 1952) Wönner Zinn (until 21 January 1951) Zühlke
FDP	v t e FDP Speaker: Theodor Heuss until 12 September 1949; Hermann Schäfer until 10 January 1951; August-Martin Euler until 6 May 1952; Hermann Schäfer from 6 May 1952 Members: Atzenroth Becker Blank Blücher Dannemann Dehler Dirscherl Eberhard (from 3 October 1952) Euler Fassbender Friedrich (from 5 October 1950 Non-attached, from 16 November 1950 BHE/DG, from 2 April 1952 FDP-Gast) Frühwald Funcke (from 14 September 1951) Gaul Golitschek Grundmann Hammer Hasemann Henn (from 1 February 1952) Heuss (until 15 September 1949) Hoffmann (from 15 June 1951) Hoffmann Höpker-Aschoff (until 9 September 1951) Hübner (from 1 February 1952) Hütter (from 15 September 1949) Ilk (from 3 November 1949) Jaeger (from 22 January 1953) Juncker Kneipp Kohl (until 31 January 1952) Kühn Langer (from 10 June 1952 Non-attached, from 29 March 1953 WAV) Leuchtgens (from 21 January 1950 DRP, from 5 October 1950 Non-attached (DRP), from 6 December 1950 DP, from 27 July 1953 partei- und Non-attached) Leuze (from 21 March 1952) Linnert (until 27 October 1949) Luchtenberg (from 30 October 1950) Margulies Mauk (from 7 April 1952) Mayer (until 18 December 1952) Mende Middelhauve (until 17 October 1950) Mulert (from 1 February 1952) Neumayer Nöll Nowack (until 30 September 1952) Oellers (until 5 June 1951) Onnen Pfleiderer Preiß Preusker Rademacher Rath Rechenberg (until 19 January 1953) Reif Revenstorff Rüdiger (until 20 February 1951) Schäfer Schneider Stahl Stegner Trischler Vries (from 5 January 1953) Wellhausen Wildermuth (until 9 March 1952) Will (from 1 February 1952) Wirths Zawadil (from 26 November 1952 DP)
DP	v t e DP Speaker: Heinrich Hellwege until 2 November 1949; Friedrich Klinge until 21 December 1949; Hans Mühlenfeld until 15 March 1953; Hans-Joachim von Merkatz from 17 March 1953 Members: Ahrens Bahlburg (from 13 September 1951 Non-attached, from 24 January 1952 DP-Gast, from 10 September 1952 Non-attached) Campe (from 23 January 1950, until 8 January 1952) Eickhoff Ewers Farke Fricke (from 22 March 1952) Hedler (from 19 January 1950 Non-attached, from 28 March 1950 DRP-Gast, from 16 September 1950 Non-attached, from 29 April 1953 WAV) Hellwege Jaffé (from 9 January 1952) Kalinke Klinge (until 21 December 1949) Kuhlemann Matthes Merkatz Mühlenfeld (until 15 May 1953) Seebohm Tobaben Walter Wittenburg Woltje (from 30 May 1953)
BP	v t e BP Speaker: Gebhard Seelos until 25 September 1951; Hugo Decker from 25 September 1951 Members: Aretin (from 14 December 1951 FU) Aumer (from 8 September 1950 Non-attached) Baumgartner (until 1 January 1951) Besold (from 14 December 1951 FU) Decker Donhauser (from 8 September 1950 Non-attached, from 17 September 1952 CSU) Eichner (from 14 December 1951 FU) Etzel (from 14 December 1951 FU, from 3 December 1952 Non-attached (GVP)) Falkner (until 27 October 1950) Fink (from 14 December 1951 FU, from 5 January 1952 CSU) Fürstenberg (from 7 November 1950 Non-attached, from 19 January 1951 CSU) Lampl (from 10 November 1950, from 14 December 1951 FU) Maerkl (from 1 September 1952) Mayerhofer (from 14 December 1951 FU) Meitinger (from 26 September 1951, from 14 December 1951 FU) Oettingen-Wallerstein (from 8 January 1951, from 14 December 1951 FU, until 1 September 1952) Parzinger (from 14 December 1951 FU) Rahn (from 14 January 1950, from 8 September 1950 Non-attached, from 17 October 1950 WAV-Gast, from 14 February 1951 CSU) Seelos (until 25 September 1951) Volkholz (from 14 December 1951 FU) Wartner (from 14 December 1951 FU) Ziegler (until 30 December 1949)
KPD	v t e KPD Speaker: Max Reimann Members: Agatz Fisch Gundelach Harig Kohl (from 26 January 1950) Leibbrand (until 26 January 1950) Müller (from 10 May 1950 Non-attached) Müller Niebergall Niebes (from 10 July 1952) Nuding (until 20 April 1951) Paul Reimann Renner Rische Strohbach (from 16 May 1951) Thiele Vesper (until 30 June 1952)
WAV	v t e WAV Speaker: Alfred Loritz Members: Bieganowski (from 21 March 1952, from 23 April 1952 DP/DPB, from 9 December 1952 Non-attached) Fröhlich (from 13 October 1950 BHE/DG, from 21 March 1952 Non-attached) Goetzendorff (from 29 March 1950 DRP-Gast, from 5 October 1950 Non-attached (DRP), from 29 April 1953 WAV) Keller (from 24 April 1952, from 6 December 1951 DP, Non-attached) Löfflad (from 6 December 1951 DP) Loritz (from 6 December 1951 Non-attached, from 29 April 1953 WAV) Paschek (from 29 March 1950 DRP-Gast, from 5 October 1950 Non-attached, from 30 January 1951 WAV, from 6 December 1951 DP, until 22 April 1952) Reindl (from 6 December 1951 DP/DPB, from 9 December 1952 Non-attached, from 29 April 1953 WAV) Schmidt (from 6 December 1951 DP/DPB, from 9 December 1952 Non-attached) Schuster (from 6 December 1951 DP) Tichi (from 13 October 1950 BHE/DG, from 21 March 1952 Non-attached) Wallner (from 6 December 1951 DP/DPB, from 9 December 1952 Non-attached) Weickert (from 13 October 1950 BHE/DG, until 16 March 1952) Wittmann (from 6 December 1951 DP, from 9 May 1952 Non-attached, from 5 July 1952 CDU/CSU-Gast)
ZENTRUM	v t e ZENTRUM Speaker: Helene Wessel Members: Amelunxen (until 7 October 1949) Arnold (from 14 December 1951 FU, from 9 December 1952 Non-attached (GVP)) Bertram (from 3 November 1949, from 14 December 1951 FU) Determann (from 14 December 1951 FU) Glasmeyer (from 23 November 1951 CDU) Hamacher (until 29 July 1951) Hoffmann (, from 14 December 1951 FU) Krause (until 18 October 1950) Pannenbecker (from 14 December 1951 FU) Reismann (from 14 December 1951 FU) Ribbeheger (from 14 December 1951 FU) Wessel (from 14 December 1951 FU, from 13 November 1952 Non-attached (GVP)) Willenberg (from 26 October 1950, from 14 December 1951 FU)
DRP	v t e DRP Members: Dorls (from 13 December 1950 WAV-Gast, from 17 January 1951 WAV, from 26 September 1951 Non-attached, am 23 October 1952 Mandatsaberkennung) Frommhold (from 7 September 1949 Nationale Rechte, from 5 October 1950 Non-attached (DRP), from 26 March 1952 DP-Gast, from 11 February 1953 Non-attached) Jaeger (from 29 February 1952) Miessner (from 5 October 1950 FDP-Gast, from 20 December 1950 FDP) Rößler (from 15 September 1949 Nationale Rechte, from 6 September 1950 Non-attached, from 13 December 1950 WAV-Gast, from 17 January 1951 WAV, from 26 September 1951 Non-attached, until 21 February 1952) Thadden (from 15 September 1949 Nationale Rechte; 1950 DRP, from 20 April 1950 Non-attached)
OTHER	v t e OTHER Members: Clausen (from 23 January 1952 FU-Gast, from 3 July 1953 Non-attached) Edert (CDU/CSU-Gast) Freudenberg (from 5 December 1952 Non-attached) Ott (Non-attached, from 4 May 1950 WAV-Gast, from 13 October 1950 BHE/DG, from 21 March 1952 Non-attached, from 26 March 1952 DP/DPB-Gast, from 26 June 1952 Non-attached)
List of members of the 1st Bundestag

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