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November 1958

Month of 1958 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The following events occurred in November 1958:

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November 1, 1958 (Saturday)

  • The crash of Cubana de Aviación Flight 495 killed 17 of the 20 people aboard, after being hijacked by rebels during its flight from Miami in the U.S. to the vacation resort of Varadero in Cuba. The Vickers Viscount 755 apparently ran out of fuel and crashed on a beach at Punta Tabaco as it was approaching the airport for the village of Preston in Cuba.[1][2][3]
  • A court in Havana refused to suspend the November 3 presidential elections in Cuba, after candidate Carlos Márquez Sterling asked that voting be delayed in the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas because of violence.[4]
  • One day after the U.S. and British moratorium on nuclear testing had gone into effect, the Soviet Union exploded a "relatively low yield" atomic weapon at its test site, and followed with another one two days later. U.S. President Eisenhower responded by statement that "We shall continue suspension of such tests for the time being, and we understand that the United Kingdom will do likewise. We hope that the Soviet Union will also do so. If there is not shortly a corresponding renunciation by the Soviet Union, the United States will be obliged to reconsider its position."[5]
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November 2, 1958 (Sunday)

  • Thailand's dictator, Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat, issued Proclamation No. 21 as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and commander of the Revolutionary Council that had overthrown the civilian prime minister in 1957. Proclamation 21 was directed against the anthaphan in urban areas, thousands of people identified by the council as hooligans, with the goal of removing "a menace to society and the common people" in order to "promote the happiness of the people." The proclamation soon extended to the round up of nonconformist young people who had long hair or "flashy clothes", who could be among those detained for 30 days and, if deemed necessary, sent to reform institutions.[6]
  • The splitting of "Ice Island Alpha", an ice floe in the Arctic Ocean, stranded 21 members of the U.S. International Geophysical Year exploration team on a "drifting island" for four days without supplies. After delays for bad weather, a U.S. Air Force C-123 cargo plane sent from the Thule Air Base in Greenland rescued the group.[7]
  • Pakistan's former president, Iskander Mirza, went into exile six days after he was forced to resign in favor of General Mohammed Ayub Khan. Mirza and his wife boarded a KLM Royal Dutch Airlines flight at the airport in Karachi and moved to the United Kingdom, where he would receive two pensions.[8]
  • Died: Jean Couzy, 35, French mountaineer, was killed when he was struck on the head in a rock fall while climbing in the Dévoluy Mountains in the French Alps.
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November 3, 1958 (Monday)

November 4, 1958 (Tuesday)

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November 5, 1958 (Wednesday)

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November 6, 1958 (Thursday)

  • Under the leadership of Dr. Maurice E. Müller, the AO Foundation was founded by a meeting of 13 orthopedic surgeons at the Elite Hotel in Biel, near Bern in Switzerland. The creation by the surgeons of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (the Association for Osteosynthesis), has been described as a "small gathering that would someday... cause a worldwide revolution in trauma care, and spawn a global industry for the manufacturing of the necessary implants and related surgical tools"[22] for open reduction internal fixation to mend broken bones with screws and plates, intramedullary rods and other metallic devices.[23]
  • An 8.3 magnitude earthquake off of the coast of the Soviet island of Iturup and injured 51 people.[24] "Significant Earthquake Information"
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November 7, 1958 (Friday)

  • Albert Freedman, the producer of the U.S. television game show Twenty-One, became the first person to be arrested in connection with the TV quiz show scandals. He was indicted for perjury on charges of having knowingly lied under oath to a grand jury on about supplying questions or answers to contestants on Twenty One.[25]
  • A contractor briefing, attended by some 40 prospective bidders on the crewed spacecraft, was held at the Langley Research Center. More detailed specifications were then prepared and distributed to about 20 manufacturers who had stated an intention to bid on the project.[11]
  • Spartak Plovdiv defeated Minyor Pernik before 20,000 fans in Sofia, 1 to 0, to win the Bulgarian Cup, the Eastern European nation's soccer football championship.
  • Born:
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November 8, 1958 (Saturday)

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November 9, 1958 (Sunday)

  • All 36 people aboard an Aero-Topográfica (ARTOP) Martin PBM-5 Mariner disappeared and were presumed dead after the flying boat airplane experienced trouble during the Portuguese airliner's flight from Lisbon to Funchal while over the North Atlantic Ocean.[30] The last transmission was an international Morse code distress signal, "QUG", meaning ""I am forced to land immediately."[31][32]
  • The wreckage of the B-24 Liberator bomber nicknamed Lady Be Good, was found in the Libyan Desert more than 15 years after it had crashed on April 4, 1943. An oil exploration team from the British Petroleum company had accidentally discovered the airplane debris. The remains of the crew, who had bailed out from the airplane and then died of thirst days later, would not be found until 1960.

November 10, 1958 (Monday)

  • Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev said in a speech in Moscow that the Potsdam Agreement of 1945, which had provided for control of Berlin by the U.S., the UK, France and the U.S.S.R. after World War II, was "out of date" and accused the three western powers of consistently violating the agreement, thereby having "abolished the legal basis on which their stay in Berlin rested."[33] The statement would be followed days later by an ultimatum giving the three NATO members six months to withdraw from West Berlin.
  • Former Iraqi Premier Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, former Armed Forces Chief of Staff Rafiq Arif and former Deputy Chief of Staff Ghazi Mohammed Daghistani, were all sentenced to death by a five-man military tribunal in Baghdad.[34] All three had served under King Faisal II and Prime Minister Nuri as-Said, and would be released in 1960.
  • The bossa nova was born in Rio de Janeiro, with João Gilberto's recording of Chega de Saudade.
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The Diamond[35]
  • Harry Winston donated the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian Institution.[36] His jewelry dealership, "Harry Winston, Inc.", had purchased the allegedly cursed gem from the estate of Evalyn Walsh McLean in 1949, sent it by mail from New York on November 8, and a presentation ceremony was made two days later. While the Hope Diamond had a reputation for being followed by tragedy to its owners over 300 years, including Mrs. McLean, a reporter noted that "As far as Mr. Winston could make out, it has brought him no bad luck. And as of Monday, if anyone it is hexed, it will not be he, but the staff of the Smithsonian Institution."[37]
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Friar Pire
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November 11, 1958 (Tuesday)

  • The first bone marrow transplant to a human recipient from an unrelated donor was performed in Paris by Dr. Georges Mathé, a French oncologist and surgeon.[39] Frenchman Marcel Pabion volunteered for a graft of his bone marrow to Yugoslavian engineer Radojko Maksić, who had been irradiated in a nuclear accident at the Vinča Nuclear Institute on October 15. Maksić and four other patients would recover from being irradiated, while a sixth one failed to survive.
  • Argentina's President Arturo Frondizi imposed a 30-day state of siege and the suspension of constitutional rights in the South American republic, using his powers under Article 23 of the Constitution for internal disorder. More than 700 Peronists, Communists and Nationalists were arrested.[40] Vice President Alejandro Gómez was accused the next day of plotting Frondizi's overthrow with members of the armed forces and opposition political leaders.[41] Gomez initially refused calls to quit, then resigned on November 18 after a confrontation in his office by an angry mob.[42]
  • The supernatural comedy romance film Bell, Book and Candle premiered in Los Angeles at the Warner Beverly Theatre, with Jimmy Stewart and Kim Novak.[43] Based on a 1950 Broadway play, the film about a witch and the victim of a love spell, would later be cited by TV producer Sol Saks as one of two inspirations for the sitcom Bewitched.[44]
  • Born:
  • Died: André Bazin, 40, French film critic, died of leukemia.
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November 12, 1958 (Wednesday)

November 13, 1958 (Thursday)

  • Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced an ambitious seven year plan to increase industrial production in the Soviet Union by 80% by the end of the year 1965, including a goal of having more than half of the world's industrial output be produced by the Communist nations. Khrushchev presented the plan before the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party the day before, for adoption at the Party Congress in 1959.[48][49]
  • William A. Shea, a New York City lawyer who was chairman of a committee organized by Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. to bring a new National League baseball franchise to the city, announced plans to organize a third major league so compete against the established National League and American League. Shea said in a press conference that the city would be prepared to build a new stadium for the league's New York team, and that the plan, for what would later be promoted as the Continental League, had become necessary because Shea had "become convinced the National League has no intention at this time of expanding into a ten-club circuit."[50]
  • The first computerized wargaming system in the United States, the Naval Electronic Warfare Simulator, was installed by Vice Admiral Stuart H. Ingersoll, president of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.[51]

November 14, 1958 (Friday)

November 15, 1958 (Saturday)

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Power
  • Died: Tyrone Power, 44, popular American film actor, died of a massive heart attack while filming an action scene for the movie Solomon and Sheba in Spain, where he had been cast in the lead role as Solomon.[54] Filming was two-thirds complete when Power died, and the part was recast the next day with Yul Brynner for re-filming of Power's scenes.

November 16, 1958 (Sunday)

November 17, 1958 (Monday)

November 18, 1958 (Tuesday)

  • Thirty-three of the 35 crew of the lake freighter SS Carl D. Bradley died when it broke up and sank in a storm on Lake Michigan.[63] The night before, after having made its final scheduled delivery of the season (a cargo of crushed stone at Gary, Indiana), the ship had been on its way to Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where it would have been placed in dry dock. Hours before it reached Manitowoc, the ship received an order from U.S. Steel to travel to Rogers City, Michigan for a last-minute order of limestone. At 5:35 in the afternoon, southwest of Michigan's Gull Island, while sailing in a storm, the ship exploded and broke in two. Neither of the two lifeboats on the stern half of the boat could be lowered to evacuate the 15 sailors who reached the stern side of the deck, and only four crew members were able to reach the life raft on the bow side. Of the four who got on the raft, two were thrown off into the sea by massive waves.[64][65]
  • Born:

November 19, 1958 (Wednesday)

  • The U.S. Department of Defense began the process of reducing the size of the 2.6-million member U.S. armed forces, trimming the 70,000 jobs over the course of seven months and reducing the quota for the draft call from 11,000 per month to 9,000 starting in January.[66]
  • Kyriakos Matsis, the commander of the Greek Cypriot terrorist group EOKA, was killed by British Army security forces after being tracked to a hideout in Dikomo in the predominantly Turkish Cypriot part of the island in northern Cyprus. Matsis, being hunted for the November 8 killing by EOKA of two British soldiers, ordered his two EOKA comrades to give themselves up. After he refused to surrender and shouted "I'll come out firing!", the British tossed two grenades into the house and killed him instantly.[67]
  • Born: Charlie Kaufman, American filmmaker and novelist known for Being John Malkovich and for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind; in New York City
  • Died: General Vittorio Ambrosio, 79, former Chief of Staff of the Italian Armed Forces in 1943[68]

November 20, 1958 (Thursday)

  • In one of the decisive battles of the Cuban Revolution, the guerrillas of the 26th of July Movement defeated the Cuban Army in the Battle of Guisa.
  • Governor J. Lindsay Almond of the U.S. state of Virginia, whose state was engaged in a dispute with the U.S. government over racial segregation of the state's schools, ordered that the American flag be hauled down from the lone flagpole on the state Capitol building in Richmond, and that the flag of Virginia be run up in its place. Almond told reporters that he had made the decision "because this is the Commonwealth of Virginia and I want the Virginia flag to fly from this Capitol," and added that with only one pole, he would not permit the usual custom of having the Virginia banner be displayed beneath the U.S. flag.[69]
  • Puppeteers Jim Henson and Jane Henson incorporated The Jim Henson Company as Muppets, Inc. in the United States, initially to market the characters seen on the Hensons' television series Sam and Friends on WRC-TV in Washington, D.C.
  • James Haslam Jr. opened the first gas station of the Pilot Corporation's U.S. chain of "travel centers" (filling station, truck stop and convenience stores) in Weber City, Virginia.[70]
  • The three United States military services were invited to send one person each to the Space Task Group to perform liaison duties for the crewed spacecraft project. These posts would be filled in January 1959 by Lt. Colonel Martin Raines, U.S. Army; Lt. Colonel Keith Lindell, U.S. Air Force; and Commander Paul Havenstein, U.S. Navy.[11]

November 21, 1958 (Friday)

November 22, 1958 (Saturday)

November 23, 1958 (Sunday)

  • The opening round of voting began in France as 2,978 candidates vied for the 465 National Assembly seats in the first elections under the new Fifth Republic constitution.[77] Only 39 of the 465 races were decided in the first round, which required a candidate to win more than 50% of the vote.[78]
  • The leaders of the nations of Ghana and Guinea, announced in Accra that they had signed an agreement to unite in a confederacy that would be the "nucleus of a union of West African states, subject to ratification by both nations' national assemblies.[79]

November 24, 1958 (Monday)

  • The African colony of the French Sudan was made an autonomous state, the Sudanese Republic, a self-governing member of the French Community, a prelude to independence.[80] After briefly joining with Senegal to become independent as the Mali Federation on June 20, 1960, it would separate and become the Republic of Mali on September 22, 1960.
  • The CBS TV anthology Desilu Playhouse presented "The Time Element",[81] the teleplay by Rod Serling that would lead to the American network's decision to broadcast a weekly series of Serling's productions, the classic science fiction show The Twilight Zone. The program starred William Bendix in a psychological thriller.
  • The Space Task Group placed an order for one Atlas launch vehicle with the Air Force Missile Division, Inglewood, California, as part of a preliminary research program leading to human spaceflight. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters requested that the Air Force construct and launch one Atlas C launch vehicle to check the aerodynamics of the spacecraft. It was the intention to launch this missile about May 1959 in a ballistic trajectory. This was to be the launch vehicle for the Big Joe reentry test shot, but plans were later changed, and an Atlas Model D launch vehicle was used instead.[11]
  • Born: Alex Kozulin, Ukrainian entertainer; in Novoselytsia, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
  • Died:
    • Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, 94, British diplomat and co-creator of the League of Nations, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937, died of injuries sustained in a fall at his home.[82]
    • Parkyakarkus (stage name for Harry Einstein), American comedian who was famous on radio and on film in the role of the Greek chef "Nick Parkyakarkus" (a play on words of the phrase "park your carcass"), died at 1:20 in the morning, hours after collapsing following a performance at the Friars Club banquet in Beverly Hills, California, for Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.[83]

November 25, 1958 (Tuesday)

November 26, 1958 (Wednesday)

  • The U.S. crewed satellite program was officially designated Project Mercury.[11]
  • Space Task Group personnel presented a proposed program for Langley Research Center support in the Little Joe phase of Project Mercury. Langley was favorably inclined, and after a survey of manpower and facility availability, notified Space Task Group on December 5, 1958, of its willingness to support the program. Langley tasks involved contracting for engineering, construction, services, data processing, analysis, and reporting research results.[11]
  • At Chennault Air Force Base, near Lake Charles, Louisiana, a USAF B-47 bomber with a nuclear weapon on board developed a fire while on the ground. The aircraft wreckage and the site of the accident were contaminated after a limited explosion of non-nuclear material.[87] The fire, which killed the pilot and injured the navigator, started when a rocket-assist takeoff device exploded while the plane was parked and awaiting takeoff.[88]

November 27, 1958 (Thursday)

November 28, 1958 (Friday)

November 29, 1958 (Saturday)

  • The government of Argentina ended a nationwide strike of railway workers as the South American republic's army arrested 1,000 employees of the state-owned Ferrocarriles Argentinos. Using emergency authority assumed on November 11, President Arturo Frondizi had issued a decree on November 27 to induct all striking employees into the armed forces. The arrests made were for who failing to report for the draft.[96]
  • The Grey Cup, the championship of Canadian professional football, was played as the Canadian Football League for the first time, taking place in Vancouver's Empire Stadium before a crowd of 34,426. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 35–28.[97]
  • Born:

November 30, 1958 (Sunday)

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