Kubachi language
| Kubachi | |
|---|---|
| Kubachin | |
| гӀюгъбугъан куб/гъай[1] | |
| Pronunciation | [ʡūˁʁbugan kub/ʁaj] |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Dagestan |
Native speakers | 7,000 (2020)[2] |
| Cyrillic script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ugh |
| Glottolog | kuba1248 |
_2021.png) Kubachi | |
Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people.[3] It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa, but it has also historically been portrayed as a separate language. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.[2]
Phonology
[edit]Vowels
[edit]| Front | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | phar. | plain | phar. | ||
| close | short | [u] у u | [uˤ] уӏ ü | ||
| long | [uː] уу uu | [uːˤ] ууӏ üü | |||
| near-close | short | [ɪ] и i | [ɪˤ] иӏ ï | ||
| long | [ɪː] ии ii | [ɪːˤ] ииӏ ïï | |||
| open-mid | short | [ɛ] е e | [ɛˤ] еӏ ë | ||
| long | [ɛː] ee ee | [ɛːˤ] eeӏ ëë | |||
| open | short | [ɑ] а a | [ɑˤ] аӏ ä | ||
| long | [ɑː] aa aa | [ɑːˤ] aaӏ ää | |||
Consonants
[edit]The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.[which?]
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||||||
| Nasal | [m] м m | [n] н n | |||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | [b] б b | [d] д d | [g] г g | [gʷ] гв gw | [ʡ] гӏ ÿ | [ʔ] ъ y | ||||
| aspirated | [pʰ] п p | [tʰ] т t | [kʰ] к k | [kʰʷ] кв kw | [qʰ] къ q | [qʰʷ] къв qw | |||||
| fortis | [pː] пп pp | [tː] тт tt | [kː] кк kk | [kːʷ] ккв kkw | [qː] ккъ qq | [qːʷ] ккъв qqw | |||||
| ejective | [pʼ] пӏ pʼ | [tʼ] тӏ tʼ | [kʼ] кӏ kʼ | [kʼʷ] кӏв kʼw | [qʼ] кь qʼ | [qʼʷ] кьв qʼw | |||||
| Affricate | aspirated | [t͡sʰ] ц c | [t͡ʃʰ] ч ç | [q͡χʰ] хъ qx | [q͡χʰʷ] хъв qxw | ||||||
| fortis | [t͡sː] цц cc | [t͡ʃː] чч çç | |||||||||
| ejective | [t͡sʼ] цӏ cʼ | [t͡ʃʼ] чӏ çʼ | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiced | [z] з z | [ʒ] ж ẑ | [ʁ] гъ ĝ | [ʁʷ] гъв ĝw | [ħ] хӏ ħ | [h] гь h | ||||
| plain | [s] с s | [ʃ] ш ş | [x] хь ĵ | [xʷ] хьв ĵw | [χ] х x | [χʷ] хв xw | |||||
| fortis | [sː] сс ss | [ʃː] шш şş | [xː] ххь ĵĵ | [xːʷ] ххьв ĵĵw | [χː] хх xx | [χːʷ] ххв xxw | |||||
| Trill | [r] р r | ||||||||||
| Approximant | [w] в v | [l] л l | [j] й j | ||||||||
Alphabet
[edit]
| А а
/ɑ/ |
Б б
/b/ |
В в
/w/ |
Г г
/g/ |
Гъ гъ
/ʁ/ |
Гь гь
/ɦ/ |
Д д
/d/ |
Е е
/e/;/je/ |
Ё ё
/jɔ/ |
Ж ж
/ʒ/ |
| З з
/z/ |
И и
/i/ |
Й й
/j/ |
К к
/k/ |
Кк кк
/kː/ |
Къ къ
/qʰ/ |
Кь кь
/qʼ/ |
Кӏ кӏ
/kʼ/ |
Л л
/l/ |
М м
/m/ |
| Н н
/n/ |
О о
/n/ |
П п
/pʰ/ |
Пп пп
/pː/ |
Пӏ пӏ
/pʼ/ |
Р р
/r/ |
С с
/s/ |
Сс сс
/sː/ |
Т т
/t/ |
Тт тт
/tː/ |
| Тӏ тӏ
/tʼ/ |
У у
/u/ |
Ф ф
/f/ |
Х х
/χ/ |
Хх хх
/χː/ |
Хъ хъ
/qʰ/ |
Хь хь
/x/ |
Хьхь хьхь
/xː/ |
Хӏ хӏ
/ʜ/;/ħ/ |
Ц ц
/ts/ |
| Цц цц
/tsː/ |
Цӏ цӏ
/tsʼ/ |
Ч ч
/tʃ/ |
Чч чч
/tʃː/ |
Чӏ чӏ
/tʃʼ/ |
Ш ш
/ʃ/ |
Шш шш
/ʃː/ |
Ъ ъ
/ʔ/ |
Э э
/e/ |
Ю ю
/ju/ |
| Я я
/ja/, /jə/ |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Коряков, Юрий (2021). "Даргинские языки и их классификация" [Dargwa languages and their classification]. In Майсак, Т. А.; Сумбатова, Н. Р.; Тестелец, Я. Г. (eds.). Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди Дурхъаси хазна. Сборник статей к 60-летию Р. О. Муталова (in Russian). Буки Веди. pp. 139–154. ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9.
- ^ a b Kubachi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-136-14274-1.
External links
[edit]| Avar–Andic | |
|---|---|
| Tsezic | |
| Dargin | |
| Lezgic | |
| Nakh | |
| Other | |
Italics indicate extinct languages | |
| Caucasian (areal) |
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| Indo- European |
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| Turkic |
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| Others | ||||||||||||||||||||
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