Kaloeng language
| Kaloeng | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Thailand, Laos |
Kra–Dai
| |
| Thai alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Kaloeng (Kalerng, Kaleung) is a Southwestern Tai language of Thailand and Laos.
Distribution
[edit]In Thailand, Kaloeng is spoken in Sakon Nakhon Province, Nakhon Phanom Province, and Mukdahan Province (Trongdee 2016). In Laos, it is spoken in Khammouan Province.
External classification
[edit]Mudjalin Luksanawong[1] classifies the Kaloeng language as part of the Sakon Nakhon subbranch of the Southwestern Tai.
- Nakhon Phanom
- Sakon Nakhon
- Yoy-Yooy-Kalööng
- Yoy
- Yooy
- Kalööng
- Yoy-Yooy-Kalööng
In the Sakon Nakhon languages, Proto-Tai *hw- and *w- (Pittayaporn 2009:134-135) became /ph/- (Trongdee 2016:55). Also, the Sakon Nakhon languages display the uncommon labiovelar initial clusters thw-, cw-, sw-, hw-, ŋw-, lw-, ʔw- (Trongdee 2016:56).
Internal classification
[edit]Thananan Trongdee[2] classifies the Kaloeng dialects as follows according to the evolution of the Proto-Kaloeng diphthong *-aɯ.
- Group 1: *-aɯ > -aɯ (all spoken in Laos)
- Hinboun District: Pha Wang; Nong Hoi
- Yommalath District: Phon Bok
- Nong Bok District: Nong Bok
- Boualapha District: Kha Yu
- Kounkham District: Kong Lo
- (branch)
- Group 2: *-aɯ > -əi
- Mueang Sakon Nakhon District: Muanglai ม่วงลาย
- Kut Bak District: Ban Bua บ้านบัว
- Kusuman District: Saen Phan แสนพัน
- Khamcha-i District: Non Sang Si
- Group 3: *-aɯ > -ai
- Mueang Sakon Nakhon District: Na Yo นายอ; Dong Mafai ดงมะไฟ
- Phanna Nikhom District: Choeng Chum เชิงชุม
- Mueang Nakhon Phanom District: Kurukhu กุรุคุ; Khamtoei คำเตย
- Phon Sawan District: Phon Bok โพนบก
- Tha Uthen District: Na Sok นาโสก
- Pla Pak District: Kutakai ปลาปาก
- Na Kae District: Phra Song พระซอง
- Yommalath District, Laos: Don Pueai
- Nong Bok District, Laos: Dong Phak Pue
- Group 2: *-aɯ > -əi
References
[edit]- ^ Lawalee, Banjong; Yodmalee, Boonsom; Champadaeng, Sitthisak (2014-09-24). "Boon Phawet: A Comparative Study of a Phu Tai, Tai-Lao and Kaleung Religious Ceremony in North-eastern Thailand". Asian Culture and History. 7 (1). doi:10.5539/ach.v7n1p24. ISSN 1916-9663.
- ^ Trongdee, Thananan (2014). "The Lao-Speaking Nyo in Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia". Manusya. 17 (3): 69–85. doi:10.1163/26659077-01703005. ISSN 0859-9920.
| Official language | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other Thais |
| ||||||||
| Minority by languages groups |
| ||||||||
| Non-Indigenous |
| ||||||||
| Sign languages | |||||||||
| Kra |
| ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kam–Sui | |||||||||||||||||||
| Biao | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lakkia | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hlai | |||||||||||||||||||
| Jiamao | |||||||||||||||||||
| Be–Jizhao | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tai (Zhuang, etc.) |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| (mixed origins) | |||||||||||||||||||
| proposed groupings | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proto-languages | |||||||||||||||||||
Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Credit:
(see original file).
