Japurá River
Caquetá River Japurá River | |
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![]() Map of the Amazon Basin with the Japurá River highlighted | |
Location | |
Countries | |
Physical characteristics | |
Mouth | Amazon River |
• coordinates | 3°9′56″S 64°46′51″W / 3.16556°S 64.78083°W |
Length | 2,036 km (1,265 mi)[1] |
Basin size | 276,812 km2 (106,878 sq mi)[2] |
Discharge | |
• location | Confluence of Solimões (Amazon), Brazil |
• average | (Period: 1979–2015)18,121.6 m3/s (639,960 cu ft/s)[3] |
Discharge | |
• location | Vila Bittencourt, Amazonas State (736 km upstream of mouth - Basin size: 199,090 km2 (76,870 sq mi) |
• average | 13,758 m3/s (485,900 cu ft/s) |
• minimum | 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) |
• maximum | 33,400 m3/s (1,180,000 cu ft/s) |
Discharge | |
• location | La Pedrera, Colombia (Basin size: 144,098 km2 (55,637 sq mi) |
• average | 9,937 m3/s (350,900 cu ft/s) (Period: 1991–2020)10,273 m3/s (362,800 cu ft/s)[4] |
• minimum | 1,800 m3/s (64,000 cu ft/s) |
• maximum | 19,800 m3/s (700,000 cu ft/s) |
Discharge | |
• location | Guaquira, Colombia (Basin size: 53,636 km2 (20,709 sq mi) |
• average | 3,717 m3/s (131,300 cu ft/s) |
• minimum | 790 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s) |
• maximum | 7,900 m3/s (280,000 cu ft/s) |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• left | Apaporis, Yarí, Caguán, Orteguaza |
• right | Auati-Paraná, Mapari, Jupari, Purui, Miriti-Paraná, Cahuinari |
The Japurá River or Caquetá River is a 2,820 kilometres (1,750 mi) long river in the Amazon basin. It rises in Colombia[5] and flows eastward through Brazil to join the Amazon River.
Course
The river rises as the Caquetá River in the Andes in southwest Colombia. The Caquetá River rises near the sources of the Magdalena River, and augments its volume from many branches as it courses through Colombia.[6] It flows southeast into Brazil, where it is called the Japurá. The Japurá enters the Amazon River through a network of channels. It is navigable by small boats in Brazil. West of the Rio Negro, the Solimões River (as the Amazon's upper Brazilian course is called) receives three more imposing streams from the northwest—the Japurá, the Içá (referred to as the Putumayo before it crosses over into Brazil), and the Napo.[6]
Brazilian Course
On the border with Brazil, it meets the long Apaporis River (which is 1,370 km long when combined with one of its sources, the Tunia River), near the town of La Pedrera. It then enters Brazilian territory, in the Amazon, where it is known as the Japurá River. In its lower course, it is joined by the Auati Paraná and Mirim Pirajuana rivers (the latter is sometimes considered a secondary branch, or a dead or backwater of the river).
The Caquetá-Japurá is a "white water" river, which, like all rivers descending from the Andes, carries a significant alluvial load that it partly deposits when joining the Solimões (Amazon) River on its left bank. This is why the accumulated sediments on the banks have shaped a complex mouth that stretches for several hundred kilometers. Firstly, the Japurá receives a long bifurcation from the Solimões itself and then drains into it through a main mouth located opposite the city of Tefé. However, a secondary branch, the Paraná Copea, continues its winding course until it rejoins the Solimões River 300 km downstream. This multiple confluence (resembling a very elongated delta) complicates the measurement of the length of the Caquetá-Japurá, which varies, depending on the method used, from 2200 to 2800 km, especially because the boundaries between the basins of other tributaries and sub-tributaries of the Amazon system are unclear in this flat, flooded, and swampy area. Some tributaries of the Japurá River originate very close to the Solimões River (Auati Paraná River), and some tributaries of the Negro River arise near the Japurá (Uneiuxi, Cuiuni, and Unini rivers), with connections and bifurcations between them during flood seasons.
Although the Caquetá/Japurá is a broad and voluminous river, the existence of numerous rapids throughout its course has significantly hindered navigation.[citation needed]
Environment
For much of its length the river flows through the Purus várzea ecoregion.[7] The river is home to a wide variety of fish and reptiles, including enormous catfish weighing up to 91 kg (201 lb) and measuring up to 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) in length[citation needed], electric eels, piranhas, turtles, and caimans.
Much of the jungle through which the eastern Caquetá originally flowed has been cleared for pasture, crops of rice, corn, manioc, and sugar cane, and in the past two decades, particularly coca crops.[citation needed]
In Popular Culture
- The Japurá River is the namesake of the main Earth Federation base in the Mobile Suit Gundam television series, transliterated as "Jaburo."
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