Idyll XXII, also called Διόσκουροι ('The Dioscuri'), is a poem by the 3rd-century BC Greek poet Theocritus. It is a hymn, in the Homeric manner, to Castor and Polydeuces.^[1]

This hymn to Castor and Polydeuces consists, first, of a prelude common to both, and secondly, of two main parts concerned one with Polydeuces and the other with Castor.^[2] The first of these, in a combination of the Epic style with the dialogue, tells how Polydeuces fought fisticuffs with Amycus on his way to Colchis, and the second how, when the brothers carried off the daughters of Leucippus, Castor fought Lynceus with spear and sword.^[2]

Andrew Lang compares the "life and truth of the descriptions of nature, and of the boxing-match" in the Theocritean text with the "frigid manner" of Apollonius Rhodius on the same theme.^[3][1]

• Epyllion

Attribution: This article incorporates text from these sources, which are in the public domain.

• Edmonds, J. M., ed. (1919). The Greek Bucolic Poets (3rd ed.). William Heinemann. pp. 253–75.
• Lang, Andrew, ed. (1880). Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus. London: Macmillan and Co. pp. 103–12.

• Cholmeley, R. J., ed. (1919). The Idylls of Theocritus (2nd ed.). London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd. pp. 334–44.
• Fawkes, Francis (1767). The Idylliums of Theocritus. London: Dryden Leach. pp. 209–17.
• Trevelyan, R. C. (1947). A Translation of the Idylls of Theocritus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–74.

•  Greek Wikisource has original text related to this article: Ὕμνος εἰς Διοσκούρους
• "Theocritus, Idylls, Διόσκουροι". Perseus Digital Library.
• "From the series: 'Idylls of Theocritus' – (XXII) The Dioscuri, 1954". National Gallery.