Harzandi dialect
| Harzani | |
|---|---|
| Harzandi | |
| Native to | Iran |
Native speakers | 36,000 (2021)[1] |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hrz |
| Glottolog | harz1239 |
| ELP | Harzani |
Harzandi or Harzani (Tati: هرزندی، هرزنی) is a dialect of the Tati language,[2][3][4][5] spoken in the northern regions of the East Azarbaijan province of Iran. It is strictly an oral language, and a descendant of the Old Azeri language that has long been extinct as a result of the diffusion of Turkish in the area.[6] Harzandi has many common linguistic features with both Talysh and Zaza and was positioned between the Talysh and Zaza.[7]
General Information
[edit]Harzani Tati is considered an endangered language with a little less than 30,000 speakers in present day.[8] Its speakers principally reside in the rural district of Harzand, particularly in the village known as Galin Qayah. Harzani is also present in the neighboring villages of Babratein and Dash Harzand.[6]
As of now, Harzani has not been formally recognized by the Islamic Republic of Iran, and thus receives no government support.[9]
Language Features
[edit]Source:[9]
Like other languages and dialects of the Iranian language family, Harzani follows a subject–object–verb (SOV) word order. It has nine vowels, and shares a consonant inventory with Persian. It further exhibits a split-ergative case system: its present tense is structured to follow nominative-accusative patterning, while its past tense follows ergative-absolutive.
One characteristic that distinguishes Harzani from related Northwestern Iranian languages is its change from an intervocalic /d/ to an /r/.[3] It also has a tendency to lengthen its vowels. For instance, it has the closed vowel /oe/.
Nouns and Pronouns
[edit]Nouns and pronouns in Harzani do not reflect grammatical gender, but they do express case. Nouns, in particular, encode two cases: direct and oblique case, the first of which is not rendered morphologically, but the second is by attaching a suffix. Meanwhile, personal pronouns have three cases: direct, oblique, and possessive.
Verbs
[edit]Verbs in Harzani are inflected for present tense and past tense. Information concerning person and number is reflected in suffixes that attach to these two verb stems. Modal and aspectual information is expressed using prefixes.
Numeral System
[edit]Part of Harzani's counting system is as follows:[10]
| 1. | i | 11. | doh-o-i | 21. | vist-o-i | 40. | t͡ʃel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | de | 12. | doh-o-de / dozde | 22. | vist-o-de | 50. | pind͡ʒe |
| 3. | here | 13. | doh-o-here | 23. | vist-o-heri | 60. | ʃeʃt |
| 4. | t͡ʃö | 14. | doh-o-t͡ʃö / t͡ʃördæ | 24. | vist-o-t͡ʃö | 70. | hæftö |
| 5. | pind͡ʒ | 15. | doh-o-pind͡ʒ / puzæ | 25. | vist-o-pind͡ʒ | 80. | hæʃtö |
| 6. | ʃoʃ | 16. | doh-o-ʃoʃ | 26. | vist-o-ʃoʃ | 90. | soj-i-doh-kim |
| 7. | hoft | 17. | doh-o-hoft | 27. | vist-o-hoft | 100. | soj / sæ |
| 8. | hæft | 18. | doh-o-hæft / hæʒdæ | 28. | vist-o-hæft | 200. | de sæ |
| 9. | nov | 19. | doh-o-nov | 29. | vist-o-nov | 1000. | hæzo |
| 10. | doh | 20. | vist | 30. | si | 2000. | de-hæzo |
Sample Words
[edit]| arina Friday[3] |
| ruzare 'west' |
| ruz 'sun' |
| parare 'below' |
| parpe 'above' |
| -are 'under' |
| oev (öv) 'water' |
| voer 'wind' |
| hoev 'sister' |
| isbaa 'dog' |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Harzani at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ Kārang, A. A. 1954: Tāti va Harzani. Tabriz: Esma’il Va’ezpur.
- ^ a b c "Hening Tati".
- ^ Tati Language (An Introduction), Professor Ehsan Yarshater.
- ^ Tati group (Tati-Talyshi); Donald Stilo (1981)
- ^ a b Karimzadeh, J. 1994: "The Verbal Constructions in Azari (Harzani Dialect)." Master's thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University.
- ^ Henning, Walter Bruno (1955). The Ancient Language of Azerbaijan. Austin & Sons. pp. 174–175.
- ^ Harzani at Ethnologue (17th Edition, 2014)]
- ^ a b Harzani Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine at Languages of the World (LLOW)
- ^ [1] Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine at Eugene Chan's Catalog of the World's Numeral Systems
Further reading
[edit]- Kārang, A. A. 1954: Tāti va Harzani. Tabriz: Esma’il Va’ezpur.
- Korn, A. 2009: "Western Iranian Pronominal Clitics." In: Orientalia Suecana LVIII.
- Mortazavī, M. 1954: "Noktei cand az zabān-e harzani." In: NDATabriz 6, 304-314.
- Mortazavī, M. 1963: "Fe‘l dar zabān-e harzani." In: NDATabriz 15, 61-97.
- Stilo, D. 1981: "The Tati Language Group in the Sociolinguistic Context of Northwestern Iran and Transcaucasia." In: Iranian Studies 14.3/4, 137-187.
- Zokā, Y. 1957: "Gūyeš-e Galin-Qaye: 'Harzandi'." In: Farhang-e Irānzamin.
External links
[edit]- Harzani at the Endangered Languages Project
- Sample of Harzani on YouTube
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