Gongylonema
| Gongylonema | |
|---|---|
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| Head of male Gongylonema pulchrum, from human infection;[1] note characteristic bosses | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Chromadorea |
| Order: | Rhabditida |
| Family: | Gongylonematidae Hall, 1916 |
| Genus: | Gongylonema Molin, 1857 |
| Synonyms | |
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Gongylonema is a genus of thread-like nematode that was described by Molin in 1857. It is the only currently valid genus in the family Gongylonematidae, though the mysterious Spiruroides – usually placed in the Subuluridae, which are not closely related to Gongylonema among the Spiruria – might actually belong here. They are parasites of birds and mammals, transmitted by insects (especially beetles).[2] Some 38 species are known, about 12 of which have been recorded in Europe.[3][4]
Several species are significant parasites of domestic animals, causing gongylonemiasis. Human infection by these nematodes is very rare: since its discovery fewer than 100 people have been reported to be infected with these parasites,[5] always with the species G. pulchrum.[1][6]
Species
- Gongylonema aegypti Ashour & Lewis, 1986
- Gongylonema aequispicularis Kadenazii, 1957
- Gongylonema alecturae Johnston & Mawson, 1942
- Gongylonema baylisi Freitas & Lent, 1937
- Gongylonema beveridgei Mawson, 1971
- Gongylonema brevispiculum Seurat, 1914 [7]
- Gongylonema caucasica Kurashvili, 1941
- Gongylonema confusum Sonsino, 1896
- Gongylonema congolense Fain, 1955
- Gongylonema dipodomysi Kruidenier & Peebles, 1958
- Gongylonema dupuisi Quentin, 1965
- Gongylonema fotedari Gupta & Trivedi, 1986
- Gongylonema graberi Barre, 1980
- Gongylonema ingluvicola Ransom, 1904
- Gongylonema longispiculum Schulz, 1927
- Gongylonema macrogubernaculum Lubimov, 1931
- Gongylonema madeleinensis Diouf, Bâ, Marchand & Vassiliadès, 1997
- Gongylonema marsupialis Vaz & Pereira, 1934
- Gongylonema mesasiatica Sultanov, 1961
- Gongylonema metopidiusi Gupta & Kumar, 1977
- Gongylonema mexicanum Caballero & Zerecero, 1944
- Gongylonema minimum Molin, 1857
- Gongylonema monnigi
- Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916
- Gongylonema musculi Rudolphi, 1819
- Gongylonema neoplasticum Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914
- Gongylonema pacoi Hernandez & Gutierrez, 1992 [8]
- Gongylonema pithyusensis Mas-Coma, 1977 [9]
- Gongylonema problematicum Schulz, 1924
- Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857
- Gongylonema rodhaini Fain, 1948
- Gongylonema saimirisi Artigas, 1933
- Gongylonema soricis Fain, 1955
- Gongylonema spalacis Schulz, 1927
- Gongylonema verrucosum Giles, 1892
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