EMR1
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| ADGRE1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | ADGRE1, TM7LN3, EMR1, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 600493; MGI: 106912; HomoloGene: 1493; GeneCards: ADGRE1; OMA:ADGRE1 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 also known as F4/80 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene.[5][6][7][8][9]
EMR1 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family[10][11] characterized by an extended extracellular region containing EGF-like domains. EMR1 is predominantly expressed on the surface of macrophages and plays a significant role in immune response modulation and inflammation. Its expression has been linked to various inflammatory diseases.
Structure
[edit]Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.[12]
The N-terminal fragment (NTF) of EMR1 contains 4-6 Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF-like) domains in human and 4-7 EGF-like domains in the mouse.[13]
Tissue distribution
[edit]EMR1 expression in human is restricted to eosinophils and is a specific marker for these cells.[14] The murine homolog of EMR1, F4/80, is a well-known and widely used marker of murine macrophage populations.[15]
Function
[edit]F4/80 is not necessary for the development of tissue macrophages but is required for the induction of efferent CD8+ regulatory T cells needed for peripheral tolerance.[16]
Clinical significance
[edit]EMR1 can serve as a therapeutic target for depletion of these cells in eosinophilic disorders by using afucosylated antibodies.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174837 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004730 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Baud V, Chissoe SL, Viegas-Péquignot E, Diriong S, N'Guyen VC, Roe BA, et al. (March 1995). "EMR1, an unusual member in the family of hormone receptors with seven transmembrane segments". Genomics. 26 (2): 334–344. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80218-B. PMID 7601460.
- ^ McKnight AJ, Gordon S (March 1998). "The EGF-TM7 family: unusual structures at the leukocyte surface". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 63 (3): 271–280. doi:10.1002/jlb.63.3.271. PMID 9500513. S2CID 6497890.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: EMR1 egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 1".
- ^ Leenen PJ, de Bruijn MF, Voerman JS, Campbell PA, van Ewijk W (September 1994). "Markers of mouse macrophage development detected by monoclonal antibodies". Journal of Immunological Methods. 174 (1–2): 5–19. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(94)90005-1. hdl:1765/71089. PMID 8083537.
- ^ Hamann J, Aust G, Araç D, Engel FB, Formstone C, Fredriksson R, et al. (April 2015). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 67 (2): 338–367. doi:10.1124/pr.114.009647. PMC 4394687. PMID 25713288.
- ^ Stacey M, Yona S (2011). Adhesion-GPCRs: Structure to Function (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-7912-4.
- ^ Langenhan T, Aust G, Hamann J (May 2013). "Sticky signaling--adhesion class G protein-coupled receptors take the stage". Science Signaling. 6 (276): re3. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2003825. PMID 23695165. S2CID 6958640.
- ^ Araç D, Boucard AA, Bolliger MF, Nguyen J, Soltis SM, Südhof TC, et al. (March 2012). "A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis". The EMBO Journal. 31 (6): 1364–1378. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.26. PMC 3321182. PMID 22333914.
- ^ Gordon S, Hamann J, Lin HH, Stacey M (September 2011). "F4/80 and the related adhesion-GPCRs". European Journal of Immunology. 41 (9): 2472–2476. doi:10.1002/eji.201141715. PMID 21952799.
- ^ Hamann J, Koning N, Pouwels W, Ulfman LH, van Eijk M, Stacey M, et al. (October 2007). "EMR1, the human homolog of F4/80, is an eosinophil-specific receptor". European Journal of Immunology. 37 (10): 2797–2802. doi:10.1002/eji.200737553. PMID 17823986.
- ^ Austyn JM, Gordon S (October 1981). "F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage". European Journal of Immunology. 11 (10): 805–815. doi:10.1002/eji.1830111013. PMID 7308288. S2CID 8426640.
- ^ Lin HH, Faunce DE, Stacey M, Terajewicz A, Nakamura T, Zhang-Hoover J, et al. (May 2005). "The macrophage F4/80 receptor is required for the induction of antigen-specific efferent regulatory T cells in peripheral tolerance". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 201 (10): 1615–1625. doi:10.1084/jem.20042307. PMC 2212925. PMID 15883173.
- ^ Legrand F, Tomasevic N, Simakova O, Lee CC, Wang Z, Raffeld M, et al. (May 2014). "The eosinophil surface receptor epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 1 (EMR1): a novel therapeutic target for eosinophilic disorders". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 133 (5): 1439–47, 1447.e1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.041. PMC 4113341. PMID 24530099.
External links
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