Elizabeth Caroline Gray
Elizabeth Caroline Hamilton Gray (née Johnstone; 3 April 1800 – 21 February 1887) was a Scottish historian and travel author, born in Alva, Clackmannanshire,[1] as the eldest daughter of James Raymond Johnstone and Mary Elizabeth Cholmeley.[2] She was the granddaughter of the colonial businessman John Johnstone.[3][4]
After marrying John Hamilton Gray, a priest and genealogist, in June 1829, Gray moved to Bolsover Castle in England, where she lived until shortly before her death.[3][5]
Research
[edit]Gray became interested in the history of the Etruscans after visiting an exhibition of their artefacts in London organised by Domenico Campanari in 1837.[6] She pursued the subject on a visit to Italy in 1837–1839, drawing on contacts in German and Italian archaeological circles. In 1840 she published Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria, which served as a travelogue and an account of her archaeological research. She then wrote a general History of Etruria: the first two volumes in 1843–1844 and the third in 1868.[3]
As a woman, Hamilton Gray faced criticism for engaging in historical research. In an 1844 review of her work, Samuel Ferguson[7] remarked that "any deep or earnest investigation of matters connected with the social institution of a gentile nation is not properly within the female province." [8] This review was sometimes mistakenly attributed to the explorer George Dennis, who also wrote about the Etruscans.[9]
Other than her research on Etruria, Gray wrote a work on the classical and early medieval church and empire, and two popular children's histories of Rome.[3] She and her husband maintained a collection of antiquities acquired both from dealers in Italy and from her own excavations. It included an unusual red-and-black Etruscan amphora in an Italo-Geometric style, known as the "Hamilton Gray vase".[10]
Elizabeth Caroline Gray died in London on 21 February 1887.[11]
Works
[edit]- Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria. London: J. Hatchard and Son. 1840. (1843 ed.)
- The History of Etruria. London: J. Hatchard and Son. 1843–68. (Vol. 1, 2, 3)
- History of Rome for Young Persons. London: T. Hatchard. 1847. (1858 ed.)
- Emperors of Rome from Augustus to Constantine: Being a Continuation of the History of Rome. London: T. Hatchard. 1850.
- The Empire and the Church, from Constantine to Charlemagne. Oxford: J. Henry and J. Parker. 1857.
References
[edit]- ^ Italia antiqua. Storia dell'etruscologia tra archeologia e storia della cultura (in Italian). Orvieto and Rome: Quasar. 2006. p. 32. ISBN 8871402960.
- ^ "Church Registers - Old parish registers - Births and Baptisms". Scotland's People. National Records of Scotland and the Court of the Lord Lyon.
- ^ a b c d "Elizabeth Caroline Gray". British Travel Writing. University of Wolverhampton. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ Burke, John (1835). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2. London: R. Bentley. p. 302.
- ^ Williams, Dyfri (2009). "The Hamilton Gray Vase". In Swaddling, Judith; Perkins, Philip (eds.). Etruscan by Definition: Papers in Honour of Sybille Haynes. London: British Museum Press. pp. 10–20: 10. ISBN 978-0861591732.
- ^ de Grummond, Nancy Thomson, ed. (1996). "Campanari Family". Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology. London and New York: Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1884964800.
- ^ The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900. Walter Edwards Houghton (ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. Volume IV, p. 261
- ^ [Ferguson, Samuel]. Mrs Hamilton Gray’s works on Etruria, The Dublin University Magazine, vol. 24, July-December, 1844, p. 527-543.
- ^ Rasmussen, Tom. George Dennis: In and out of Etruria. Swaddling, Judith (ed.). An Etruscan Affair: The impact of early Etruscan discoveries on European culture. London: Oxbow Books, 2018, p. 4-21.
- ^ Williams 2009, p. 13.
- ^ Boase, Frederic (1892). "Gray, Rev. John Hamilton". Modern English Biography. Vol. 1 – via Project Gutenberg.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
