Constant structure
In jazz, a constant structure is a chord progression consisting of three or more chords of the same type or quality.[1] Popularized by pianists Bill Evans and Herbie Hancock, the combination of functional and nonfunctional chords provides cohesiveness while producing a free and shifting tonal center.[1][2]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Constant_structure.png/400px-Constant_structure.png)
For example, the progression Fmaj7–A♭maj7–D♭maj7–G♭maj7–C13sus4[1] contains four major seventh chords (and one thirteenth chord), none of which are diatonic to the key of F major except the first.
![{
\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
\relative c {
\clef bass
\time 4/4
<c e a>1_\markup { \concat { \translate #'(-4 . 0) { "C: vi" \raise #1 \small "6" \hspace #6.5 "ii" \hspace #5 "V" \raise #1 \small "6" \hspace #6.5 "I" } } }
<d f a> <b d g> <c e g> \bar "|."
} }](https://upload.wikimedia.org/score/s/h/shu63hms9ayxqmspvw8uh66mhh7ycrp/shu63hms.png)
In contrast, the vi–ii–V–I or circle progression from classical theory contains four chords of two or three different qualities: major, minor, and possibly a dominant seventh chord; all of which, however, are diatonic to the key. Thus diversity is achieved within a stable and fixed tonal center.
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