Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Chrysothamnus |
Species: | C. viscidiflorus
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Binomial name | |
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus | |
Synonyms[2] | |
Synonymy
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Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus is an American species of shrub in the family Asteraceae known by the common names yellow rabbitbrush and green rabbitbrush.
Description
[edit]Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus grows up to about 150 centimeters (5 feet) in height, with spreading, brittle, pale stem branches. The leaves are up to a few centimeters long and may be thin and thread-like or up to 1 cm wide and oblong. They are glandular, resinous, and sticky.
The inflorescence is a bushy cluster of flower heads, each head 0.5–1 cm long. The flower head is lined with sticky yellow-green phyllaries and contains several yellowish protruding flowers.
The fruit is a hairy achene a few millimeters long with a wispy pappus at the tip.[3]
Subspecies and varieties
[edit]Subspecies and varieties include:[4][5][6][7]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus subsp. axillaris (D.D.Keck) L.C.Anderson — desert slopes in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Utah[4][5][8]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus subsp. lanceolatus (Nutt.) H.M.Hall & Clem. — Pennington County in South Dakota[4][5][9]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus subsp. planifolius L.C.Anderson — Arizona[4]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus subsp. puberulus (D.C.Eaton) H.M.Hall & Clem. — alpine zones in Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah[4][5][10]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus subsp. viscidiflorus — alpine talus in most of the species range[4][5][11]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus var. latifolius[4]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus var. serrulatus (Torr.) Greene — Utah, Nevada[4][12]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus var. stenophyllus[4]
- Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus var. viscidiflorus[4]
Chemistry
[edit]Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus contains an unusual m-hydroxyacetophenone derivative, named viscidone, and chromanone derivatives.[13]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The plant is widespread in North America across much of the western United States and western Canada, from British Columbia and Montana south to California and New Mexico, with a few populations in the Black Hills of South Dakota and in western Nebraska,[14] as well as in South America in the Andean valleys of Chile and Argentina.
The species grows in sagebrush and woodland habitat.[3] It grows easily in alkaline and saline soils, and thrives on soils that are rich in calcium.[15] It rapidly establishes in disturbed habitat, including burns, flooded washes, and rockslides, so it is a valuable shrub for revegetating damaged land such as overgrazed rangeland and abandoned mining areas.[15]
Ecology
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Moses_Coulee_after_the_2020_wildfire_with_only_Chrysothamnus_viscidiflorus_ssp_lanceolatus_regrowing.jpg/240px-Moses_Coulee_after_the_2020_wildfire_with_only_Chrysothamnus_viscidiflorus_ssp_lanceolatus_regrowing.jpg)
It is a larval host to the sagebrush checkerspot and it is an important nectar source in the fall.[16] Range animals such as deer and antelope browse the foliage.[17] It often occurs with Ericameria nauseosa.[17]
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus plants are typically killed by fire, but can resprout with sufficient energy reserves, and their windborn seeds can blow into a burned area and sprout vigorously.[18] The numbers of plants often increase shortly after a fire and can dominate the landscape, but decreases as Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) recolonizes an area.[18]
References
[edit]- ^ Greene Erythea 3(6): 94–95 1895
- ^ "Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ a b Flora of North America, Yellow or sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Subspecies and varieties recognized by USDA — Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Subordinate Taxa . accessed 5 September 2015
- ^ a b c d e Subspecies recognized by Calflora Database for Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus . accessed 5 September 2015
- ^ Subspecies recognized by The Plant List, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Kew Gardens, London.
- ^ Subspecies distributions from Flora of North America.
- ^ Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "C. viscidiflorus subsp. axillaris". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
- ^ Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "C. viscidiflorus subsp. lanceolatus". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
- ^ Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "C. viscidiflorus subsp. puberulus". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
- ^ Jepson Flora Project (ed.). "C. viscidiflorus subsp. viscidiflorus". Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley.
- ^ Greene, Edward Lee 1895. Erythea 3(6): 96
- ^ Ngo, le-van; Thi, Van Cuong Pham (1981). "An unusual m-hydroxyacetophenone and three new chromanone derivatives from Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus". Phytochemistry. 20 (3): 485. Bibcode:1981PChem..20..485N. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84171-0.
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ^ a b Forest Service Fire Ecology
- ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
- ^ a b Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
- ^ a b https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/shrub/chrvis/all.html [bare URL]
External links
[edit]- USDA Plants profile for Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (yellow rabbitbrush)
- CalFlora database: Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (green rabbitbrush, stickyleaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush) — with subspecies links
- Jepson eFlora, The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley
- NPIN−Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center: Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
- Flora of Eastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho: Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
- Southwest Colorado Wildflowers
- Goldenweeds and Rabbitbrush Found East of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington: Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp. lanceolatus — (green rabbitbrush, lanceleaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush)
- University of California, Calphotos photo gallery — Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
Media related to Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus at Wikimedia Commons
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