Kamëntsá

Chaquira (=‘beaded’) mask used in the folk rituals of the indigenous Kamëntsá people of Colombia
Total population
4,020 (2007)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Colombia[2]
Languages
Camsá, Inga, Spanish[1]
Religion
Traditional tribal religion (Shamanism), Roman Catholicism (syncretized)
Related ethnic groups
Inga people

The Camsá, or in their language Kamëntsá, are an indigenous people of Colombia. They primarily live in the Sibundoy Valley of the Putumayo Department in the south of Colombia.^[3]

The name is rendered variously as Camsá, Camëntsëá, Coche, Kamemtxa, Kamsa, Kamse, Sibundoy, and Sibundoy-Gaché.^[1]

The Camsá language is a language isolate,^[1] although linguists have tried to connect it to the Chibchan language family in the past. The language is written in the Latin script.^[1]

They are known for their carved wooden masks that are worn during ceremonies and festivals.^[3] They farm maize, beans, potatoes, and peas, and use a number of different entheogens, including ayahuasca (yagé), Brugmansia species, Iochroma fuchsioides and Desfontainia in their rituals. Kamëntsá shamans are noted for the number and variety of Brugmansia cultivars which they have propagated in their gardens of entheogenic plants, and which bear leaves in a wide variety of curiously misshapen forms. One of these cultivars - 'Culebra' ('snake' in Spanish) proved so aberrant that it was, for a time, actually removed from Brugmansia and accorded monotypic genus status as Methysticodendron (Greek : 'intoxicating tree'), the full Linnaean binomial of the plant becoming Methysticodendron amesianum before it was subsumed once more in Brugmansia.^[4]

• 
  Kämentsá dancers
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  Weaver creating traditional textile on a loom
• 
  Craftsperson threading traditional beadwork
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  Woodcarving of Kämentsá in traditional costume in the Parque de Sibundoy
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  Woodcarving of Kämentsá mythological beings, Parque de Sibundoy
• 
  Luis Albeiro Maldonado Monsalve, bishop of Sibundoy

During the long period of relative isolation, a great variety of curious cultivated plants were brought into the [Sibundoy] Valley. Some are of scant importance today and may never have enjoyed a wide appreciation among the Valley’s inhabitants. Others, the predominant food, medicinal and narcotic plants, have come to assume very great importance in the economic and social life of the natives.
Certain plants, known nowhere else, have evolved in the Valley under the influences of cultivation. Such has come to pass with the Tree Datura [=Brugmansia] drugs.^[5]

Melvin L. Bristol 1969

Debasement of Sibundoy Indian culture is a sad and logical result of national development and is a model for the erosion of traditional life throughout South America. Not long ago, the Valley of Sibundoy had some of the most interesting uses of psychoactive and medicinal plants in the world. Today, alcoholism is replacing the ceremonial use of safer drugs. ^[6]

Andrew Weil 1980

• 
  Brugmansia x candida var. ‘Culebra’, Kew Gardens
• 
  Conventional form of Brugmansia x candida
• 
  Conventional form of Brugmansia aurea
• 
  Iochroma fuchsioides, San Francisco Botanical Garden
• 
  Banisteriopsis caapi, principal ingredient of ayahuasca
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  Diplopterys cabrerana: jointly the most important ayahuasca additive
• 
  Psychotria viridis: jointly the most important ayahuasca additive
• 
  Seedling of Glicophyllum stylopterum (formerly known as (i.a.) Tetrapterys methystica)
• 
  Desfontainia spinosa: ‘borrachera del paramo’

• Hugo Jamioy Juagibioy, poet and indigenous rights activist

• Declaration by the Inga and Kametsa peoples, Colombia Support Network