Acanthophippium
| Acanthophippium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Acanthophippium javanicum 1850 illustration[2] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Collabieae |
| Genus: | Acanthophippium Blume[1] |
| Type species | |
| Acanthophippium javanicum | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Acanthophippium is a genus of orchid with thirteen species (family Orchidaceae). The name of this genus is derived from the Greek words acanthos ("spiny") and ephippion ("saddle"), referring to the saddle-like labellum of the plants.
This terrestrial and sometimes myco-heterotrophic genus of sympodial orchids is distributed from the Indian subcontinent to Taiwan, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and the southwest Pacific.[3]
The terrestrial species are up to 80 cm tall. They have short rhizomes. The oblong and fleshy pseudobulbs are up to 25 cm tall. They produce at their apex 2 to 3 large plicate, lanceolate, parallel-veined leaves, which can be up to 65 cm long.[4]
The erect inflorescence arises laterally from the pseudobulbs, with 3 to 6 flowers, subtended by large, glabrous bracts. The flowers are prominent, large, striated cup- or urn-shaped, fleshy, waxy, and about 4 cm long. They resemble a tulip, a most unusual shape for an orchid. The flowers have a wide range of colors, from dull yellow to red to shades of orange and pink, marked with stripes or spots. The blossoms are usually odiferous with a very strong fragrance.[4]
This genus is allied to genera Calanthe, Cephalantheropsis, Phaius, and Spathoglottis.
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus Acanthophippium was first described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1825. He used the spelling with an "o".[5] Many sources have since spelt the name "Acanthephippium" (i.e. with an "e"). This is regarded as an orthographic variant by the International Plant Names Index.[6] The original spelling is used by sources such as the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.[1]
Species
[edit]- Acanthophippium bicolor (S. India, Sri Lanka, New Guinea).
- Acanthophippium chrysoglossum (W. Sumatra).
- Acanthophippium curtisii (Borneo - Sarawak).
- Acanthophippium eburneum (N. Sumatra, Borneo - Sarawak).
- Acanthophippium gougahensis (Thailand, Vietnam).
- Acanthophippium javanicum (W. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea). (type species; commonly grown)
- Acanthophippium lilacinum (N. Borneo).
- Acanthophippium mantinianum (Philippines) (commonly grown)
- Acanthophippium parviflorum (Vietnam, S. Sumatra to Java).
- Acanthophippium sinense (China)
- Acanthophippium splendidum (Sulawesi to SW. Pacific, New Guinea).
- Acanthophippium striatum (E. Himalaya to Java). (commonly grown)
- Acanthophippium sylhetense (Sikkim to Philippines)
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Acanthophippium Blume", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-01-16
- ^ Fitch del. et lith. (= Walter Hood Fitch, 1817-1892) William Jackson Hooker (1785—1865) ed. - "Curtis's botanical magazine" vol. 76 ser. 3 nr. 6 tab. 4492
- ^ Flora of China, v 25 p 309, 坛花兰属 tan hua lan shu, Acanthephippium Blume, Bijdr. 353. 1825.
- ^ a b Thomas, S.A. 1997 - Taxonomic revision of the genus Acanthephippium (Orchidaceae). Orchid Monographs, Vol. 8, pp. 119–134, 178-179, 236-246, figures 56-66, plates 5c-6d. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ^ Blume, C.L. (1825). "Acanthophippium". Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indie (in Latin). pp. 353–354. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
- ^ "Plant Name Details for Acanthophippium Blume", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2018-01-16
External links
[edit]
Media related to Acanthophippium at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Acanthophippium at Wikispecies- American Orchid Society, Acanthephippium mantinianum L.Linden & Cogn.
- IOSPE orchid photos, Acanthephippium sylhetense
- Orchid Cambodia, Acanthephippium gouhahensis
- Papua New Guinea Orchids, Acanthephippium
- Swiss Orchid Foundation at Herbarium Jany Renz, Acanthephippium gougahensis (Guillaumin) Seidenf.
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