This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1901.

• Guy Boothby — Farewell, Nikola
• Ada Cambridge – The Devastators
• Miles Franklin – My Brilliant Career
• E. W. Hornung – The Shadow of the Rope^[1]
• Ambrose Pratt – Franks, Duellist^[2]
• Ethel Turner – Wonder Child^[3]

• Louis Becke
  • By Rock and Pool, On an Austral Shore, and Other Stories^[4]
  • Yorke the Adventurer and Other Stories^[5]
• Rolf Boldrewood
  • In Bad Company and Other Stories
  • "Fallen Among Thieves"^[6]
• Nat Gould – "Chased by Fire"^[7]
• Henry Lawson
  • "At Dead Dingo"^[8]
  • The Country I Come From^[9]
  • Joe Wilson and His Mates
  • "The Loaded Dog"
• Louise Mack – "The Bond"^[10]

• George Essex Evans – "The Women of the West"
• Henry Lawson
  • "The Men Who Made Australia"
  • "The Never-Never Country"
• Louisa Lawson – "Lines Written During a Night Spent in a Bush Inn"
• Louise Mack – Dreams in Flower
• A.B. Paterson
  • "The Protest"
  • "The Wargeilah Handicap"
• Roderic Quinn – The Circling Hearths^[11]
• Alfred George Stephens ed. – The Bulletin Reciter: A Collection of Verses for Recitation from the Bulletin 1880-1901

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1901 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.

• 12 January – Eve Pownall, writer for children (died 1982)^[12]
• 27 March – Kenneth Slessor, poet and journalist (died 1971)^[13]
• 15 May – Xavier Herbert, novelist (died 1984)^[14]
• 20 May — Jean Campbell, novelist (died 1984)^[15]
• 3 June — Alice Duncan-Kemp, writer and Indigenous rights activist (died 1988)^[16]
• 14 June — Pinchas Goldhar, writer and translator (died 1947)^[17]
• 14 July — Louis Kaye (pseudonym for Noel Wilson Norman), an Australian novelist and short story writer (died 1981)^[18]
• 27 July — Henrietta Drake-Brockman, journalist and novelist (died 1968)^[19]
• 2 August — Maysie Coucher Greig, writer of romantic novels and thrillers (died 1971)^[20]
• 26 August – Eleanor Dark, novelist (died 1985)^[21]
• 19 September — Lu Rees, bookseller, book collector and children's literature advocate (died 1983)^[22]
• 28 September – T. Inglis Moore, writer and editor (died 1978)^[23]
• 28 October — Catherine Shepherd, playwright (died 1976)^[24]
• 20 November – P. R. Stephensen, writer, publisher and political activist (died 1965)^[25]

A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1901 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.

• 24 September — Frank Atha Westbury, novelist and poet (born 1838, England)^[26]
• 4 October — Robert Richardson, poet and writer for children (born 1850)^[27]
• 30 November — Edward John Eyre, explorer and writer (born 1815)^[28]

• 1901 in Australia
• 1901 in literature
• 1901 in poetry
• List of years in Australian literature
• List of years in literature
• List of Australian literary awards

v t e Years in Australian literature (1855–present)
19th century	1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024