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Bølgefunktionens kollaps

Kvantemekanik
Introduktion

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Indenfor kvantemekanik er bølgefunktionens kollaps det fænomen, som indebærer at en bølgefunktion er en superposition af flere overlappende egentilstande - giver indtryk af at reduceres til én eneste egentilstand efter at den har vekselvirket med en observatør.[forklar yderligere][1]

I 2015 blev det offentliggjort, at forskere for første gang havde målt og dermed påvist en fotons bølgefunktions kollaps som et ægte fænomen.[2]

Bølgefunktionskollapset er et kvantemekanisk fænomen hvor observationen af en partikel synes at ændre partiklens tilstand. Før kollapset har partiklen hverken en veldefineret position eller veldefineret hastighed. Efter kollapset synes den pludselig at have en fikseret og distinkt værdi for den kvantitet som måles.[forklar yderligere] Derimod kan man ifølge Heisenbergs ubestemthedsrelation ikke samtidig få eksakte værdier for begge egenskaber. Man kan fx ikke samtidig eksakt måle både position og hastighed.

Kilder/referencer

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  1. ^ Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 2e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. s. 106–109. ISBN 0131118927.
  2. ^ Griffith University. (2015, March 24). Quantum experiment verifies Einstein's 'spooky action at a distance'. ScienceDaily Citat: "Almost 90 years later, by splitting a single photon between two laboratories, scientists have used homodyne detectors – which measure wave-like properties – to show the collapse of the wave function is a real effect. This phenomenon is the strongest yet proof of the entanglement of a single particle, an unusual form of quantum entanglement that is being increasingly explored for quantum communication and computation. ... "Through these different measurements, you see the wave function collapse in different ways, thus proving its existence and showing that Einstein was wrong.""
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Bølgefunktionens kollaps
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