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Azid

Azid anion
Azid anion
Azid funktionel gruppe
Azid funktionel gruppe

Azid er en anion med formlen N3. Det er den korresponderende base til hydrogenazid, HN3. N3 er en lineær anion som er isoelektronisk med CO2 og N2O. Ved hjælp af valensbindingsteori kan azid beskrives ved flere resonansstrukturer, hvor den vigtigste er N=N+=N. Azid er også en funktionel gruppe i organisk kemi, RN3.[1]

Natriumazid bruges i airbags til bl.a. biler, hvor det ved hjælp af varme dekomponerer til dinitrogen-gas og derved hurtigt udvider airbaggen. Det antivirale lægemiddel zidovudin (AZT) indeholder en azidogruppe.

I organisk kemi bruges azider ofte til at introducere en aminogruppe. De er også populære til "click-reaktioner" og Staudinger-reaktionen. Azider med lille molekylvægt er ofte ustabile (eksplosive), og påpasselighed er påkrævet.

  1. ^ S. Bräse, C. Gil, K. Knepper and V. Zimmermann (2005). "Organic Azides: An Exploding Diversity of a Unique Class of Compounds". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (33): 5188-5240. doi:10.1002/anie.200400657.((cite journal)): CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (link)
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Azid
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