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خەڵکانی جێرمانی

کۆچی ئیندۆ-ئەوروپییەکان.

خەڵکانی جێرمانی (بە ئەڵمانی: Germanen) کۆمەڵە گرووپێکی بە ڕەگەز دەگەڕێنەوە بۆ باکووری ئەورووپا، یەکەم جار لەلایەن نووسەرانی گرایکۆ-رۆمان ئاماژەیان پێکراوە[note ١]ئەوان ھەروەھا پەیوەندیدارن بە زمانە جێرمەنییەکان کە لەناوخۆیان دروستبووە و دابەشبووە و چەنەھا پێوەر ھەیە بۆ پێناسەکردنی ڕەگەزی جێرمان[note ٢][١][٢]

تێبینییەکان

[دەستکاری]
  1. ^ Goffart 2006, p. 5; Müller 1998, pp. 14–15; Goffart 1989, pp. 112–113. Compare also to the influential old definition in German by the Grimm brothers for "der Germane": "germane, m. , lat. Germanus, eine bezeichnung der Deutschen und der ihnen stammverwandten völker bei Kelten und Römern, die sich bei letzteren mit sicherheit nicht über den sklavenkrieg (73—71 v. Chr.) hinauf verfolgen läszt" – "Germane, male, Latin Germanus, an appellation of the Germans and the peoples related to them by ancestry which was used by Celts and Romans, and cannot be traced further in the use of the latter than the Servile War (73—71 BC)." (Grimm & Grimm 1854).
  2. ^ Wolfram 1997, p. 3: "There was a time where it was possible to say: 'The name Germanic peoples refers to those ethnic tribes who spoke a Germanic language'." Pohl 2004a, p. 47: "Für die Zusammenarbeit der Disziplinen ist festzuhalten, dass die von der Philologie rekonstruierten Sprachen, wie eben das Germanische, Abstraktionen sind ...". Burns 2003, p. 20: "... there was always a problem with early Germanic because only 4th-century Gothic is extant as a written Germanic language prior to the ninth century ..."

سەرچاوەکان

[دەستکاری]

بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان

[دەستکاری]
  1. ^ "Germanic peoples". Encyclopedia Britannica (بە ئینگلیزی). Retrieved 2021-05-08.
  2. ^ https://www.college-de-france.fr/media/christian-goudineau/UPL19780_goudineaures0405.pdf
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خەڵکانی جێرمانی
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