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Megatsunami

Gràfic d'un megatsunami.

Megatsunami és un terme informal utilitzat per a designar aquells tsunamis les onades dels quals superen l'alçada de les d'un tsunami provocat per terratrèmols. Els megatsunamis poden arribar a alçades de centenars de metres, discórrer a més de 400 km/h pels oceans i a difèrència dels tsunamis que es trenquen a la costa, els megatsunamis poden trencar-se a desenes de km terra endins.

El darrer megatsunami conegut va succeir a l'illa de Reunió, els anteriors van tenir lloc a les illes del Cap Verd i a Hawaii. Tots ells van passar en temps molt antics i no hi ha manera actualment de saber-ne les característiques concretes ni les conseqüències.

Diversos estudis, per part de Simon Day i Steven Neal Ward, posen a l'illa La Palma de les Canàries com el lloc probable d'origen d'un nou megatsunami a causa del seu volcà Cumbre Vieja.[1][2]

Classes de megatsunamis

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  • Provocat per un meteorit (es creu que hi va haver un megatsunami per aquesta causa fa 37 milions d'anys).[3] Un altre seria el del mar de Bellingshausen a l'Antàrtida durant el Pliocè, provocat per l'asteroide Eltanin.[4]
  • Despreniment (el megatsunami de la badia Lituya).[5]
  • Erupció (el tsunami de Krakatoa).

Referències

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  1. Day et al. 1999
  2. Ward & Day 2001
  3. "Armageddon" Episodio 2.3 (2007) of Lost Worlds, The History Channel, fecha de emisión original: 15 de agosto de 2007. [1]
  4. Gersonde, Rainer; F. T. Kyte, T. Frederichs, U. Bleil, H.-W. Schenke, G. Kuhn, Frank T. «The late Pliocene impact of the Eltanin asteroid into the Southern Ocean – Documentation and environmental consequences». Geophysical Research Abstracts, 7, 2005. 1607-7962/gra/EGU05-A-02449.
  5. Miller, D. J., 1960, Giant Waves in Lituya Bay, Alaska, Arxivat 2004-11-23 a Wayback Machine. Professional Paper no. 345-C. United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

Bibliografia

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  • BBC 2 TV; 2000. Transcripció Mega-tsunami; Onada de destrucció, Horitzó, emès el 12 d'octubre de 2000.(anglès)
  • Carracedo, J.C. «The Canary Islands: an example of structural control on the growth of large oceanic-island volcanoes». J. Volcanol. Geotherm Res., 60, 3–4, 1994, p. 225–241. DOI: 10.1016/0377-0273(94)90053-1.
  • Carracedo, J.C.. «A simple model for the genesis of large gravitational landslide hazards in the Canary Islands». A: McGuire, W; Jones; Neuberg, J.P.. Volcano Instability on the Earth and Other Planets. 110. Londres: Geological Society, 1996, p. 125–135. 
  • Carracedo, J.C. «Growth, Structure, Instability and Collapse of Canarian Volcanoes and Comparisons with Hawaiian Volcanoes». J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 94, 1999, p. 1–19. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00095-5.
  • Day, S.J.; Carracedo, J.C.; Guillou, H.; Gravestock, P. «Recent structural evolution of the Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands: volcanic rift zone re-configuration as a precursor to flank instability». J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 94, 1999, p. 135–167. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00101-8.
  • Moore, J.G.. Giant Submarine Landslides on the Hawaiian Ridge. US Geologic Survey, 1964, p. D95–8. Professional Paper 501-D. 
  • Pararas-Carayannis, G. «Evaluation of the Threat of Mega Tsumami Generation from Postulated Massive Slope Failure of Island Stratovolcanoes on La Palma, Canary Islands, and on The Island of Hawaii, George». Science of Tsunami Hazards, 20, 5, 2002, p. 251–277.
  • Pinter, N.; Ishman, S.E. «Impacts, mega-tsunami, and other extraordinary claims». GSA Today, 18, 1, 2008, p. 37–38. DOI: 10.1130/GSAT01801GW.1.
  • Rihm, R; Krastel, S. & CD109 Shipboard Scientific Party; 1998. Volcanoes and landslides in the Canaries. National Environment Research Council News. Summer, 16-17.(anglès)
  • Siebert, L. «Large volcanic debris avalanches: characteristics of source areas, deposits and associated eruptions». J. Volcanol. Geotherm Res., 22, 3–4, 1984, p. 163–197. DOI: 10.1016/0377-0273(84)90002-7.
  • Vallely, G.A. «Volcanic edifice instability and tsunami generation: Montaña Teide, Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain)». Journal of the Open University Geological Society, 26, 1, 2005, p. 53–64.
  • Voight, B.; Janda, R.; Glicken, H.; Douglas, P.M. «Nature and mechanics of the Mount St Helens rockslide-avalanche of 18 May 190». Géotechnique, 33, 10, 1983, p. 243–273. DOI: 10.1680/geot.1983.33.3.243.
  • Ward, S.N.; Day, S. «Cumbre Vieja Volcano — Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands». Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 17, 2001, p. 3397–3400. DOI: 10.1029/2001GL013110.
  • Sandom, J.G., 2010, The Wave — A John Decker Thriller, Cornucopia Press, 2010. Un thriller en el que se crea intencionalmente un megatsunami cuando un terrorista detona una bomba nuclear en La Palma en las Islas Canarias. (anglès)

Enllaços externs

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Megatsunami
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