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Molekula

Prikaz molekule vode

Molekula je električki nenaelektrisana, neutralna grupa dva ili više atoma koji su povezani hemijskim vezama.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Molekule se razlikuju od iona tako što nemaju električni naboj. Međutim, u kvantnoj fizici, organskoj hemiji i biohemiji pojam molekule se ne uzima toliko striktno, te se u molekule ubrajaju i poliatomski ioni.

U kinetičkoj teoriji gasova, pojam molekule se često koristi za bilo koju česticu gasa bez obzira na njen sastav. Po ovoj definiciji, atomi plemenitih gasova se također smatraju molekulama iako se oni sastoji samo od pojedinačnih međusobno nepovezanih atoma.[7]

Molekula može biti homonuklearna, tj. može se sastojati iz atoma samo jednog hemijskog elementa, kao što je kisik (O2); ili može biti hemijski spoj koji se sastoji iz više od jednog hemijskog elementa, kao što je voda, čija je hemijska formula H2O. Atomi i kompleksi su spojevi ne-kovalentnim hemijskim vezama kao što su vodikove ili ionske veze se općenito ne smatraju pojedinačnim molekulama.[8]

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2. izd.. (the "Gold Book") (1997)
  2. ^ Puling, Linus (1970). General Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.
  3. ^ Ebbin, Darrell, D. (1990). General Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-43302-9.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Brown, T.L.; et al. (2003). Chemistry – the Central Science, 9th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-066997-0. Eksplicitna upotreba et al. u: |author= (pomoć)
  5. ^ Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry, 6th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-115221-0
  6. ^ Zumdahl, Steven S. (1997). Chemistry, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-669-41794-7.
  7. ^ Chandra, Sulekh (2005). Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. New Age Publishers. ISBN 81-224-1512-1
  8. ^ Molecule, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line

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Molekula
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