পাশ্বায়ী ভাষা
| Pashayi | |
|---|---|
| Pashai | |
| زبان پشهای Zabân Pašhây | |
 Pashayi in Nastaliq | |
| থলুৱা অঞ্চল | Afghanistan |
| জাতীয়তা | Pashayi people |
স্থানীয় ভাষিক |
সাঁচ:Sigfig (2000–2011)e18 |
ভাষা পৰিয়াল |
Indo-European
|
| লিখন প্ৰণালী | Persian alphabet |
| ভাষা সংকেত | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously: aee – Northeastern glh – Northwestern psi – Southeastern psh – Southwestern |
| গ্লোটোলগ | pash1270[1] |
| লিংগোৱাস্ফেয়াৰ | 59-AAA-a |
_in_Afghanistan.jpg) Linguistic map of Afghanistan; Pashayi is spoken in the purple area in the east. | |
পাশ্বায়ী ভাষা (پشه اې ژبه) এটি দাৰ্দিক ভাৰতীয়-আৰ্য ভাষা যি উত্তৰ-পূব আফগানিস্তানৰ কপীচ, লঘমন, ননগঢ়ৰ, নূৰিস্তান, কুনাৰ আৰু কাবুল অঞ্চলত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।[2]
২০০৩ চনৰ আগলৈকে এই ভাষাৰ কোনো লিখিত ৰূপ নাছিল।[3] এই ভাষাৰ উপভাষাসমূহৰ চাৰি মুখ্য প্ৰকাৰ আছে, যি পৰস্পৰৰ মাজত বোধগম্য নহয়। এই প্ৰকাৰসমূহৰ মাজত কেৱল ৩০%হে শাব্দিক সামঞ্জস্য আছে।[4]
- উত্তৰপূৰ্বী: অৰেত, চলছ, কণ্ডক, কোৰংগাই, কুৰডৰ
- উত্তৰ্পশ্চিমীয়া: অলচই, বোলঘাইন, গুলবহাৰ, কোহনাদেহ, লাউৰ'ৱান, নাজিল, নংগৰচ, পচগন, পণ্ডউ, পৰঝগন, পাশ্বাগৰ, চঞ্জন, শ্বামাকোট, শ্বুটুল, উজবিন, ৱাডাউ
- দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম: ডমেঞ্চ, লঘমানি, চুম, উজনী আৰু নামনি দৰঈ নূৰ, ৱেগালী
- দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম: ইশ্পি, ইস্কেন, টগঊ
এই ভাষাৰ ব্যাকৰণ এখন ডক্টৰেল গৱেষণাগ্ৰন্থ হিচাপে ২০১৪ চনত লিখা গৈছিল।[5]
ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]| Labial | Dental/
Alveolar |
Palato-alveolar | Retroflex | Dorsal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | k | ||
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡ʃ | |||||
| voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | (ʂ) | x | (h) | |
| voiced | z | ʒ | (ʐ) | ɣ | |||
| lateral | ɬ | ||||||
| Rhotic | tap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||
| trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | lateral | l | |||||
| central | ʋ ~ w | j | |||||
- [h] is only phonemic in the Amla dialect.
- Sounds [f] and [q] can also occur, but only in loanwords and among Dari speakers.
- [ʂ] is more commonly heard among older speakers, but is lost among younger speakers, and is heard as a postalveolar [ʃ].
- [ʐ] is more commonly heard among older speakers, but is lost among younger speakers, and is heard as a postalveolar [ʒ].
- /ʋ/ is heard before front vowels /i e/. When occurring before or after central or back vowels /a u o/, it is heard as [w].
- According to Masica (1991) some dialects have a /θ/.
স্বৰধ্বনি
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Low | a aː |
- Only mid or low vowels have lengthened equivalents.
- /e/ can be heard as [ɛ] and /a/ can be heard as [ə] or [æ], in certain environments.[5]
তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Pashayi". Glottolog 3.0. প্ৰকাশক Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pash1270.
- ↑ Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 440.
- ↑ Yun, Ju-Hong (2003). "Pashai Language Development Project: Promoting Pashai language, literacy and community development". Conference on language development, language revitalization and multilingual education in minority communities in Asia. 6–8 November 2003. Bangkok, Thailand. http://palaso.org/ldc/parallel_papers/ju-hong_yun.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 November 2018.
- ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ
<ref>টেগ;e18নামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lehr, Rachel (2014) (en ভাষাত). A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur. University of Chicago, Division of the Humanities, Department of Linguistics. ISBN 978-1-321-22417-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=9GfwrQEACAAJ.
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