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موكشا

موكشا (mokṣa باللغة السنسكريتية मोक्ष) هو مصطلح يستخدم في الديانات والفلسفة الهندية يعني الانعتاق أو التحرر أو الإطلاق،[1] وله مرادفات في الثقافة الهندية وهي فيموكشا vimoksha، وفيموكتي vimukti وموكتي mukti.[2]

حسب مفاهيم علم الخلاص والآخرة فإن الموكشا تعني الحرية والخلاص من سامسارا، وهي دورة الموت وإعادة الانبعاث.[3] أما حسب مفاهيم علم النفس ونظرية المعرفة فإن موكشا تعني الحرية ومعرفة وإيقان الذات.[4]

تلعب موكشا دوراً محورياً في الثقافة والتقاليد الهندوسية،[5] إذ تعد واحدة من أربعة مفاهيم وأهداف في حياة الإنسان حسب المعتقد الهندوسي والمعروفة باسم البوروشارتا.[6]

اقرأ أيضاً

[عدل]

المراجع

[عدل]
  1. ^ John Bowker, The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-213965-8, pp. 650
  2. ^ The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism, vimoksha نسخة محفوظة 24 سبتمبر 2015 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  3. ^ Sharma, Arvind (2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, page: 113.
  4. ^ See:
    • E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3, ISBN 0-8153-3608-X, Taylor and Francis, pp 343-360;
    • T. Chatterjee (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, ISBN 978-0-7391-0692-1, pp 89-102; Quote - "Moksa means freedom"; "Moksa is founded on atmajnana, which is the knowledge of the self.";
    • Jorge Ferrer, Transpersonal knowledge, in Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness (editors: Hart et al.), ISBN 978-0-7914-4615-7, State University of New York Press, Chapter 10
  5. ^ John Tomer (2002), Human well-being: a new approach based on overall and ordinary functionings, Review of Social Economy, 60(1), pp 23-45; Quote - "The ultimate aim of Hindus is self-liberation or self-realization (moksha)."
  6. ^ See:* A. Sharma (1982), The Puruṣārthas: a study in Hindu axiology, Michigan State University, ISBN 978-99936-24-31-8, pp 9-12; See review by Frank Whaling in Numen, Vol. 31, 1 (Jul., 1984), pp. 140-142;
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موكشا
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