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Tonnel

Burgholz-tonnel in Wuppertal.
Rit deur 'n motortonnel.

'n Tonnel is 'n ondergrondse deurgang tussen twee punte. Tonnels is lang ingeslote ruimtes met openinge wat as in- en uitgange dien. Hierdie openinge is gewoonlik aan weerskante op die verste punte van die tonnel geplaas. Tonnels word gebruik om verkeer (soos karre en treine) te dra, om water te kanaliseer, om kabels aan te lê, en vir verskeie ander gebruike.

Tonnels word in verskillende soorte grond gegrawe, van sagte sand tot harde rots. Die beste metode word deur die tipe grond waardeur die tonnel moet loop bepaal. As voorbeeld kan vlak tonnels gegrawe en daarna weer bedek word. Groot boormasjiene word deesdae gebruik vir dieper tonnels wat deur harde rotslae loop. Beheerde ontploffings word ook soms ingespan om tonnels stukkie vir stukkie oop te skiet. In die ou tyd is tonnels met die hand gegrawe.

Die bou van tonnels verg groot siviele ingenieursprojekte wat groot somme geld kan kos. Die beplanning en bou van 'n lang tonnel kan verskeie jare duur.

Tonnels in Suid-Afrika

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Tonnel
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