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Suurchloried

'n Suurchloried of asielchloried is 'n organiese chemiese verbinding wat die funksionele groep -(C=O)Cl bevat. Hulle maak deel uit van die suurhaliede -(C=O)X, waar X=F, Cl, Br of I. Hierdie funksionele groep ontstaan wanneer die -OH groep van 'n karboksielsuurgroep met 'n chlooratoom vervang word.

Suurchloriede is taamlik reaktiewe en vlugtige verbindings wat 'n laer kookpunt besit as die ooreenkomstige suur, omrede die -OH-groep in die sure waterstofbindings kan vorm wat by die suurchloriede nie moontlik is nie. Met water ontbind suurchloriede en stel daarmee soutsuur en die karboksielsuur vry volgens die reaksie:

Dit maak hulle traanverwekkende stowwe wat versigtig behandel moet word. 'n Suurchloried soos fosgeen is selfs in die Eerste Wêreldoorlog as chemiese wapen gebruik.

Vervaardiging

[wysig | wysig bron]

Die vervaardiging behels 'n reaksie van die karboksielsuur en tionielchloried SOCl2 wat self die suurchloried van swaweligsuur (H2SO3) is.

Sintese van asielchloried
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Suurchloried
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