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Southeid

vir die hoeveelheid sout wat in water teenwoordig is, sien soutgehalte
Sout in water.

Southeid is een van die basiese smake. Dit blyk twee komponente te hê: 'n lae-sout-sein en 'n hoë-sout-sein. Die lae-sout-sein veroorsaak 'n sensasie van heerlikheid, terwyl die hoë-sout-sein tipies die sensasie van "te veel sout" veroorsaak.[1]

Daar word verstaan dat die lae-sout sein veroorsaak word deur die epiteelnatriumkanaal (ENaC), wat uit drie subeenhede bestaan. ENaC in die smaakselle laat natrium katione die sel binnedring. Dit op sy eie depolariseer die sel en maak spanningsafhanklike kalsiumkanale oop, wat die sel oorstroom met positiewe kalsiumione en lei tot neurotransmitter vrystelling. ENaC kan geblokkeer word deur die middel amiloride in baie soogdiere, veral rotte. Die sensitiwiteit van die lae-sout-smaak vir amiloried by mense is baie minder uitgesproke, wat lei tot vermoedens dat daar bykomende lae-soutreseptore behalwe ENaC kan wees om ontdek te word.[1]

'n Aantal soortgelyke katione aktiveer ook die lae soutsein. Die grootte van litium- en kalium-ione stem die meeste ooreen met dié van natrium, en dus is die soutigheid die meeste soortgelyk. Daarteenoor is rubidium- en sesium-ione baie groter, so hul soutsmaak verskil dienooreenkomstig. Die southeid van stowwe word gegradeer relatief tot natriumchloried (NaCl), wat 'n indeks van 1 het.[2][3] Kalium, as kaliumchloried (KCl), is die hoofbestanddeel in soutvervangers en het 'n sout-indeks van 0,6.[2][3]

Verwysings

[wysig | wysig bron]
  1. 1,0 1,1 Taruno, Akiyuki; Gordon, Michael D. (10 Februarie 2023). "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Salt Taste". Annual Review of Physiology. 85 (1): 25–45. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-075853. PMID 36332657. Elahi, Tasnuva (15 September 2023). "Salt Taste Is Surprisingly Mysterious". Nautilus.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Guyton, Arthur C. (1991) Textbook of Medical Physiology. (8th ed). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders
  3. 3,0 3,1 McLaughlin, Susan; Margolskee, Rorbert F. (November–Desember 1994). "The Sense of Taste". American Scientist. 82 (6): 538–545.
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Southeid
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