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Silikonnitried

Eienskappe

Algemeen

Naam Silikonnitried
Struktuurformule van
Struktuurformule van
Chemiese formule Si3N4
Molêre massa 140.28 [g/mol][1]
CAS-nommer 12033-89-5[1]  
Voorkoms liggrys vastestof[1]  
Reuk reukloos [1]
Fasegedrag  
Fase α-Si3N4 
Selkonstantes 774,8pm; 561,7pm; [2]  
Ruimtegroep P31c 
Nommer 159  
Fase β-Si3N4 
Selkonstantes a=761pm; b=291pm [3]  
Ruimtegroep P63/m 
Nommer 176
Smeltpunt 1900 °C [1]
Kookpunt
Digtheid 3,2 [g/cm3][1]
Oplosbaarheid

Suur-basis eienskappe

pKa

Veiligheid

Flitspunt  
LC50 5,07 [mg/L] (rot; 4 uur)[1]

Tensy anders vermeld is alle data vir standaardtemperatuur en -druk toestande.

 
Portaal Chemie

Silikonnitried is 'n verbinding van silikon en stikstof met die formule Si3N4.

In die natuur word α-Si3N4 as die mineraal nieriet in meteoriete aangetref.[4]

Kristalstrukture

Silikonnitried het twee vorms. Die trigonale α-Si3N4- struktuur is gelaagd. Die stikstofatome omring die silikonatome in 'n driehoekige rangskikking. Dit kan geïnterpreteer word deur aan te neem dat stikstof 'n sp2 hibridisasie aanneem. Die minimum elektrondigtheid in 'n intralaag Si−N-binding was 'n bietjie laer as dié in 'n binding in die lae, wat verantwoordelik kan wees vir die ongelykheid tussen die elastiese konstantes, C33 > C11. Beide diffraksieresultate en resultate van berekeninge gebaseer op digtheidfunksionaalteorie dui daarop dat die hoë massamodulus van α-Si3N4 toegeskryf kan word aan die hoë minimum elektrondigtheid van die Si−N binding.[5]

Chemiese eienskappe

Si3N4 kan gesintetiseer word deur die direkte kombinasie van die elemente by 1250–1450 °C:[6]

Dit kan ook verkry word uit silikontetrachloried en ammoniak:

Verwysings

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 "SDS". ThermoFisher.
  2. HARDIE, D., JACK, K. (1957). "Crystal Structures of Silicon Nitride". Nature. 180: 332–333. doi:10.1038/180332a0.((cite journal)): AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (link)
  3. T.E. Mitchell, A.H. Heuer (2004). Chapter 68 - Dislocations and Mechanical Properties of Ceramics, in: Dislocations in Solids. Vol. 12. Elsevier. pp. 339–402. doi:10.1016/S1572-4859(05)80007-5. ISBN 9780444514837.((cite book)): AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (link)
  4. "Nierite". Mindat 7193.
  5. Masatomo Yashima, Yoshiaki Ando, Yasunori Tabira (2007). "Crystal Structure and Electron Density of α-Silicon Nitride:  Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for the Covalent Bonding and Charge Transfer". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 111 (14): 3609–3613. doi:10.1021/jp0678507.((cite journal)): AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (link)
  6. Russell L. Rasmussen, Joseph G. Morse, Karen W. Morse (2003). Main Group Elements, in: Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology. Academic Press. pp. 1–30. doi:10.1016/B0-12-227410-5/00398-7. ISBN 9780122274107.((cite book)): AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (link)
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Silikonnitried
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