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Oplosbaarheid

Sout is water-oplosbaar.

Oplosbaarheid verwys na die vermoë van 'n stof om in 'n oplosmiddel op te los.[1] Dit word gemeet in terme van die maksimum hoeveelheid opgeloste stof, opgelos in 'n oplosmiddel, by ewewig. So 'n oplossing is 'n versadigde oplossing. Sommige stowwe is oplosbaar in alle verhoudings met 'n gegewe oplosmiddel, soos etanol in water, hierdie eienskap is bekend as mengbaarheid. Onder baie kondisies kan die ewewigs-oplosbaarheid oorskry word om 'n metastabiele oorversadigde oplossing te gee. Die oplosmiddel is gewoonlik 'n vloeistof, wat 'n suiwer stof of mengsel kan wees. Die spesie wat oplos, die opgeloste stof, kan 'n gas, 'n ander vloeistof, of 'n vaste stof wees. Oplosbaarheid wissel van oneindig oplosbaar, soos etanol in water, tot swak oplosbaar, soos silwerchloried in water. Die term onoplosbaar word dikwels gebruik vir swak oplosbare verbindings, terwyl daar streng gesproke baie min gevalle is waar absoluut geen materiaal oplos nie.

Oplosbaarheid kan op verskeie maniere uitgedruk word, soos gram per liter oplossing of mol per kg oplosmiddel. Vir oplossings van soute word dit dikwels uitgedruk in 'n oplosbaarheidsproduk.

Verwysings

[wysig | wysig bron]
  1. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 7th Ed. by Julio De Paula, P.W. Atkins ISBN 0198792859
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Oplosbaarheid
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