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Nitrogliserien

Eienskappe

Algemeen

Naam Nitrogliserien 
IUSTC-naam 1,2,3,-tris-nitroksipropaan 
Ander name gliseroltrinitraat
Struktuurformule van
Struktuurformule van
Chemiese formule C3H5N3O9
Molêre massa 227,09 [g/mol]
CAS-nommer 55-63-0  
Voorkoms kleurlose vloeistof
Fasegedrag
Smeltpunt 13,2 °C[1]
Kookpunt Begin ontbinding >50 °C
Digtheid 1,591 g/cm3[1]
Oplosbaarheid onopl. water, etanol. Opl. eter metanol, asetoon 
ΔfHɵ -1633,2 kJ/mol[1] 
ΔcHɵ 6761,34 kJ/mol[1]

Suur-basis eienskappe

pKa

Veiligheid

Flitspunt  
Selfontbrandingspunt Ontplof 260 °C[1]

Tensy anders vermeld is alle data vir standaardtemperatuur en -druk toestande.

 
Portaal Chemie

Nitrogliserien is 'n bekende plofstof, wat ook mediese toepassings het. Dit is 'n chemiese stof met die formule C3H5N3O9 en is die drievoudige ester van gliserol met salpetersuur.

Vervaardiging

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Soos ander organiese nitrate kan nitogliserien vervaardig word uit gliserol met nitreersuur, 'n mengsel van salpeter- en swaelsuur:

Dit moet egter baie versigtig gebeur en die temperatuur moet beheer word om verder oksidasie van die alkohol te verhoed.[2]

Gebruik as plofstof

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In 1864 het Alfred Nobel nitrogliserien as 'n plofstof, wat agt keer kragtiger is as buskruit, op die mark vrygestel. Hy het dit as die onstabiele vloeistof in sink vervoer wat tot groot probleme gelei het. In 1867 het hy patent aangevra vir 'n mengsel van nitrogliserien met diatoomaarde wat hy dinamiet genoem het. Dit het die produk veilig gemaak.[3]

Verwysings

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  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 "MSDS ChemYQ". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 23 Februarie 2018. Besoek op 16 April 2016.
  2. Edward F. MCNiff, Peter S.K. Yap and Ho-Leung Fung in: Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology Deel 9 van Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances, Academic Press, 1981, ISBN 0080861040, ISBN 9780080861043
  3. The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds: A Reference Guide Richard Leroy Myers ABC-CLIO, 2007, ISBN 0-313-33758-6, ISBN 978-0-313-33758-1
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Nitrogliserien
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