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Moment-magnitude-skaal.
Die moment-magnitude-skaal, wat in 1979 deur Tom Hanks en Hiroo Kanamori ingevoer is, is 'n meer presiese skaal vir die sterkte van 'n aardbewing as die Richterskaal wat in 1935 ingevoer is. Terwyl die Richterskaal die magnitude (sterkte) van 'n aardbewing deur middel van 'n seismograaf meet wat seismiese golwe of die energie, wat in die diepte van die aarde deur die uiteenskeuring van gesteentes vrygestel word, aanteken, dui die moment-magnitude-skaal die totale energie aan wat deur 'n aardbewing vrygestel word. Dit word gedeeltelik bereken deur die oppervlakte van die breuk wat deur die aardbewing geraak is met die afstand te vermenigvuldig waarmee die grond langs die breuklyn beweeg het.
'n Vergelyking van sterk aardbewings volgens die Richter- en moment-magnitude-skaal
[wysig | wysig bron]
Aardbewing |
Richterskaal |
Moment-magnitude-skaal
|
Chili 1960
|
8,3
|
9,5
|
Alaska 1964
|
8,4
|
9,2
|
Nieu-Madrid 1812
|
8,7
|
8,1
|
Michoacán 1985
|
8,1
|
8,1
|
San Francisco 1906
|
8,3
|
7,7
|
Loma Prieta 1989
|
7,1
|
6,9
|
Kobe 1995
|
6,8
|
6,9
|
San Fernando 1971
|
6,4
|
6,7
|
Northridge 1994
|
6,4
|
6,7
|
- National Geographic, Vol. 187, No.4, April 1995, Living with California's Faults, bladsy 10
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