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Film noir

’n Toneel uit die lokprent vir The Big Combo (1955).

Film noir (IFA: fɪlm nwaʁ) is ’n rolprentterm wat hoofsaaklik gebruik word om stylvolle Hollywood-misdaaddramas te beskryf, veral dié wat klem lê op siniese houdings en seksuele motivering. Hollywood se klassieke film noir-tydperk word gewoonlik beskou as tussen die vroeë 1940's en laat 1950's. Sulke prente word verbind met ’n swak verligte, swart-wit visuele styl wat sy oorsprong het in Duitse Ekspressionistiese kinematografie. Baie van die tipiese stories en houdings van die klassieke film noir kom van die misdaadfiksie wat tydens die Groot Depressie in Amerika ontstaan het.

Die term film noir, Frans vir "swart rolprent"[1] (letterlik) of "donker rolprent" (meer korrek), is in 1946 die eerste keer vir Hollywood-prente gebruik deur die Franse resensent Nino Frank. Dit is in dié tyd feitlik nooit in Amerika gebruik nie.[2] Voordat die term in die 1970's algemeen aanvaar is, is na baie klassieke film noir-prente verwys as "melodramas". Geleerdes debatteer steeds daaroor of film noir kwalifiseer as ’n aparte genre in die rolprentbedryf.

Film noir behels ’n verskeidenheid storielyne: die sentrale karakter kan 'n privaat speurder wees (The Big Sleep), ’n polisieman in burgerlike klere (The Big Heat), ’n ouerwordende bokser (The Set-Up), ’n ongelukkige swendelaar (Night and the City), ’n wetsgehoorsame burger wat verlei word tot ’n lewe van misdaad (Gun Crazy) of bloot ’n slagoffer van omstandighede (D.O.A.).

Hoewel die term eens net betrekking op Amerikaanse flieks gehad het, is prente wat so genoem word later oor die wêreld heen gemaak. Baie rolprente wat sedert die 1960's uitgereik is, het soortgelyke temas en gebruik dikwels dieselfde konvensies. Sommige verwys na sulke hedendaagse prente as neo-noir.

Verwysings

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  1. Sien bv. Biesen (2005), p. 1; Hirsch (2001), p. 9; Lyons (2001), p. 2; Silver en Ward (1992), p. 1; Schatz (1981), p. 112. Outside the field of noir scholarship
  2. Naremore (2008), pp. 4, 15–16, 18, 41; Ballinger en Graydon (2007), pp. 4–5, 22, 255.

Bronne

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  • Ballinger, Alexander, and Danny Graydon (2007). The Rough Guide to Film Noir. Londen: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-474-7
  • Biesen, Sheri Chinen (2005). Blackout: World War II and the Origins of Film Noir. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8217-3
  • Hirsch, Foster (2001 [1981]). The Dark Side of the Screen: Film Noir. New York: Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-81039-8
  • Naremore, James (2008). More Than Night: Film Noir in Its Contexts, 2de uitg. Berkeley, Los Angeles en Londen: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25402-2
  • Schatz, Thomas (1981). Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-07-553623-9
  • Silver, Alain, and Elizabeth Ward (1992). Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style, 3de uitg. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. ISBN 978-0-87951-479-2 (Sien ook: Silver, Ursini, Ward, en Porfirio [2010]. Film Noir: The Encyclopedia, Overlook. ISBN 978-1-59020-144-2)

Eksterne skakels

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Film noir
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