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Faktorisasie

Die polinoom x2 + cx + d, waar a + b = c en ab = d, kan na (x + a)(x + b) gefaktoriseer word.

In wiskunde is die faktorisasie of die ontbinding in faktore van 'n produk die herskrywing van daardie produk in kleiner dele, wat weer die oorspronklike produk oplewer wanneer hulle met mekaar vermenigvuldig word. Die kleiner dele word die faktore van die oorspronklike produk genoem. Die heelgetalle, polinome en matrikse kan byvoorbeeld in faktore ontbind word. As die faktore van 'n positiewe heelgetal bereken word, praat mens van die ontbinding in priemfaktore. 'n Getal wat nie verder in priemfaktore ontbind kan word nie, heet 'n priemgetal.

As voorbeeld kan 12 gefaktoriseer word as 4 × 3. Omdat 4 is nie 'n priemgetal is nie, is hierdie nie priemfaktore nie. Twaalf se priemfaktore is 3 × 2 × 2.

Die getalle wat uit die faktorisering verkry word, word gewoonlik georden. Byvoorbeeld, as ons met die kleinste getal begin, is 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 (of 2^3*3^2).

Die faktorisering van elke getal is uniek. Omdat dit so moeilik is om die priemfaktore vir groot getalle te bereken, word die tegniek algemeen in kriptografie aangewend.

Hier volg drie standaard faktoriserings:

Kyk ook

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Faktorisasie
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